Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780321839923
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 6P
Explain the basis for the following statement: Transcription of two genes on a plasmid can occur without the concomitant action of a topoisomerase, but only if those two genes are oriented in opposite directions.
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Explain the process of how the Lactose operon functions in the presence of lactose, glucose, both, and without lactose.
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The human hexokinase enzyme has the same function as the bacterial hexokinase enzyme but is somewhat different in its amino acid sequence. You have obtained a mutant bacterial strain in which the gene for hexokinase is missing. If you introduce into your mutant strain a DNA plasmid engineered to contain the DNA coding sequence of the human hexokinase gene, what must you also include?
a)The human hexokinase promoter
b)The bacterial hexokinase promoter
c)Both the human and bacterial promoters
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E. coli strains diploid for the lac region were constructed by introducing a plasmid carrying
the lac genes. The plasmid carries one copy of the lac region, and the chromosome carries
the other copy. The two copies of the lac region have different genotypes, as shown in the
chart below. Indicate whether the products of the lacy gene (permease) and the lacZ gene
(B-galactosidase) will be inducible, uninducible, or constitutive in each strain (assuming
glucose is absent).
lac region on
plasmid
lac region on
chromosome
permease
B-galactosidase
I-o+Z+Y-
I+o+ Z-Y+
I+o+Z+Y-
I+o° Z=Y+
I- oº Z+Y-
I+o+ Z-Y+
Is o+ Z+Y-
I+o+ Z-Y+
I+ oc Z+Y-
IS O+ Z-Y+
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Assume that there are horizontal gene transfers between two completely different bacterial species. In one case it is a plasmid that is transmitted via conjugation, in the other case it is it is a part of the bacterial chromosome that is transferred via transformation. In which of the two cases is it likely that the transferred DNA will be present? left and can function in the recipient cells? Explain the biological background to your answerarrow_forwardConsider the following plasmid (size 8000 bp), with restriction sites at the positions indicated: (see image) a) This plasmid is digested with the enzymes listed below. Indicate how many fragments will begenerated in each case, and give the sizes of the fragments.PstIXhoICombination of PstI + XhoI + EcoRI (triple digest) b) Draw the banding pattern you would expect to observe if each of these digestions is loaded into a separate well of an agarose gel, and the fragments separated by electrophoresis. In the first well you load a DNA marker (M) containing fragments with sizes of 1000 bp, 2000 bp, 4000 bp and 8000 bp. c) This gel is transferred to a membrane in a Southern blot experiment, and hybridised to a radioactively labelled 200 bp probe, which anneals to the plasmid DNA at the position indicated on the diagram above. Draw the autoradiographic profile you would expect to observe for the membrane.arrow_forwarda) A plasmid DNA in bacteria has a length of 14,000 bp and an Lk of 1300. Calculate the superhelical density o for this plasmid. Show your work for partial credit, round to one digit after the decimal point. b) You use a Type II topoisomerase to change the linking number of this plasmid to 1310. How many turnovers must the topoisomerase perform? Is this resulting plasmid underwound or overwound?arrow_forward
- The genes for both the α- and βglobin chains of hemoglobin contain introns (i.e., they are split genes). How would this fact affect your plans if you wanted to introduce the gene for α-globin into a bacterial plasmid and have the bacteria produce α-globin?arrow_forwardScientists who study amino acid biosynthesis pathwayswant to isolate auxotrophic bacteria. A technique calledpenicillin enrichment makes this task easier. This procedure starts by exposing a liquid culture of wild-type (prototrophic) bacteria growing in rich (complete)medium to a chemical mutagen. After this treatment,the cells are centrifuged to remove the liquid and themutagen. The pellet of cells at the bottom of the centrifuge tube is now resuspended in medium that lacksone amino acid (in this example, cysteine) but contains penicillin. Subsequently, the bacteria are pouredonto a filter that concentrates them and allows themto be washed free of the penicillin. The living bacteriaretained on the filter are highly enriched for cysteineauxotrophs.a. Given what you know about the action of pencillin,explain why this enrichment occurs.b. Penicillin enrichment is not a selection, becausethe drug does not kill 100% of the prototrophs.The cells on the filter thus need to be screenedfor…arrow_forwardProvide the complementary strand and the RNA transcription product for the following DNA template segment:5'-AGGGGCCGTTATCGTT-3'arrow_forward
- What are the similarities and differences between DNA Polymerase and RNA polymerase? Explain the process of how the Lactose operon functions in the presence of lactose, glucose, both, and without lactose. Explain the process of how the Tryptophan operon functions in the presence of tryptophan and in the absence of tryptophan. What are the three types of horizontal gene transfer among prokaryotes? How do these three types of horizontal gene transfer work? What are restriction endonucleases, restriction fragments, & explain the general premise behind Recombinant DNA technology. Describe: STR’s, Mitotyping, & SNP’s in relation to DNA profiling What are Transgenic or Genetically Modified Organisms? Provide examples using herbicide tolerance and pest resistance.arrow_forwardIn yeast cells, telomerase remains active and maintains telomeres of about 300 base pairs. Propose what would happen to the telomeres over time in a yeast lineage in which the following mutations were created. a) The gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the telomerase is deleted. b) The template portion of the telomerase RNA is changed from 5’-ACACCCACA to 5’-ACAUCUACA.arrow_forwardWhy would telomerase be considered a reverse transcriptase?arrow_forward
- A). Briefly describe the function of telomerase. B). How does the structure of telomerase allow it to complete the function you described?arrow_forwardIn yeast cells, telomerase remains active and maintains telomeres of about 300 base pairs. Propose what would happen to the telomeres over time in a yeast lineage in which the following mutations were created. a) The gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the telomerase is deleted. b) What happens to the yeast telomeres over time if the telomerase RNA retains the same anchor but is altered in its templating region?arrow_forwardAs shown, telomerase attaches additional DNA, six nucleotides at a time, to the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. However, it makes only one DNA strand. Describe how the opposite strand is replicated.arrow_forward
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