BIOLOGY VOL. II
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781308795317
Author: Raven
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill/Create
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Chapter 25, Problem 2S
From the chapter on evolution of development it would seem that the generation of new developmental patterns would be fairly easy and fast, leading to the ability of organisms to adapt quickly to environmental changes. Construct an explanation for why it can take millions of years, typically for many of the traits examined to evolve. (Hint: Consider the differences in Eda allele frequency in marine and freshwater three-spine stickleback fish)
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Background: In class we did a project about m and m’s and there ability to evolve and natural selection. (Yes I know they can’t actually evolve it was just used as a example in class) however I can’t figure out this question.
Occasionally a mutant may occur and produce a candy that is misshapen or Pointier or flatter than the rest. Often this proves to be a weakness, but a rare mutation may confer extra M&M durability. Other mutations in M&Ms could occur ( like ones that result in a new color). A mutant un you population represents a new _________.
What goes in the blank
Introgression from Neandertal and Denisovan relatives in our past has resulted in many humans around the world having alleles derived from these extinct ancestors. Describe one allele attributed to Neandertals and one allele attributed to Denisovans in humans today. For your descriptions, include the role of the gene(s) that the allele is(are) linked to, what benefit or feature they are proposed to contribute to, and the population(s) that carry the allele. A Denisovan or Neandertal haplotype would also be suitable.
What is a gene? Why are regulatory genes important to the evolutionary process? What is a mutation as defined in this course and readings. Are the end results of a mutation always "good" or always "bad"? Or is a mutation perhaps neither always good or always bad and could be "neutral or no effect" or "adaptive" in some situations? Does it depend on the gene, amino acid, protein, and case-by-case scenario? What genetic evidence suggests that humans are a part of a biological continuum with all life forms. Does the number of genes in a biological organism correlate, predict, or denote the complexity of the organism? Does the number of chromosomes in a biological organism correlate, predict, or denote the complexity of the organism?
Chapter 25 Solutions
BIOLOGY VOL. II
Ch. 25 - Heterochrony is a. the alteration of the spatial...Ch. 25 - Vast differences in the phenotypes of organisms as...Ch. 25 - Homoplastic structures a can Involve convergence...Ch. 25 - Hox genes are a. found in both plants and animals....Ch. 25 - The Brachyury and Thx5 in vertebrates and the Ap3...Ch. 25 - Which of the following statements about Pax6 is...Ch. 25 - Which of the following statements about TbxS is...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8UCh. 25 - Transcription factors are a. genes. b. sequences...Ch. 25 - Independently derived mutations of the CTC gene in...
Ch. 25 - Prob. 1ACh. 25 - Prob. 2ACh. 25 - The Eda allele that causes reduced armor...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4ACh. 25 - The paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1...Ch. 25 - From the chapter on evolution of development it...Ch. 25 - Phenotypic diversity among major groups of...Ch. 25 - Critique the argument that eyes have multiple...Ch. 25 - Prob. 5SCh. 25 - Having read all of this chapter return to the clam...
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- Discuss the significance of mutations and explain the role of the environment in the evolutionary process. (Hint: Consider Lenski's study and what is demonstrated. Do not re-tell Lenski’s study)arrow_forwardWyckoff et al. (2000. Nature 403:304-309) have proposed that some human male reproductive-associated genes have evolved by natural selection and not by neutral evolution. Part of the DNA sequence results of their study is shown below. Which gene(s) did seem to evolve by natural selection? Note: dn = number of substitutions per non-synonymous (replacement) sites and ds = number of substitutions per synonymous (silent) sites. dn ds Acrosin-Trypsin 0.138 0.064 Protamine 1 0.133 0.046 SRY 0.055 0.090 Histone H1 (testicular) 0.055…arrow_forwardThe fact that geneticists may be able to activate and inactivate genes in a chicken embryo to re-create a dinosaur is the most important to evolutionary scientists because: Question 18 options: This would help provide evidence on a genetic level that could prove the theory of evolution. Of all birds, we have the most complete genetic data compiled for chickens. Of all chordates, birds (like chickens) are the most like dinosaurs. This will help to prove the theory of punctuated equilibrium.arrow_forward
- You are studying a species of beetle known as a Flumbodoodle Beetle. The beetle has long spikes on its shell to defend itself from potential predators. You are interested in studying evolution in this beetle. Which of the following studies do you not need to conduct to determine if the long spike trait can evolve by natural selection. a. A study that determines whether beetles with longer spikes survive and reproduce better than beetles with shorter spikes. b. A study that measures the spike length variation across multiple individuals in a population. c. A study where you measure the spike length on the parents and a study where you measure the spike length on the offspring. d. A study that determines whether these spikes on the beetle are also used in mate choice contexts.arrow_forwardBriefly discuss the differences in how a selectionist (one that believes that Natural Selection is a strong evolutionary force) and a neutralist (one that believes that genetic drift is a strong evolutionary force) views the following: molecular clock, evolution of coding sequences, evolution of "pseudogenes".arrow_forwardJean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829), a French scientist who believed in evolution, is known for Lamarckism, or inheritance through acquired characteristics. He argued that environmental influences could put pressure on animals, making them use some characteristics more and some less, and that the changes acquired by the parents would be passed to the next generations. A common example of this theory is that giraffes could actually grow longer necks by straining to get to higher and higher branches for food, and that the offspring of these longer- necked giraffes would have longer necks at birth. We will get to epigenetics later in the class, and realize that Lamarck wasn't all wrong. But he was mistaken about giraffes! Your responses will help you understand why... (France page 7) a. Is this argument at the level of a hypothesis, or is it a theory? Why? b. How would you set up an experiment to test Lamarck's beliefs? c. What would be your dependent variable? d. What would be your…arrow_forward
- The path of whale evolution has involved the reduction or loss of several traits that are still prominent in most other mammals. TRUE (1) or FALSE (2). In terrestrial mammals, the sense of smell (olfaction) involves receptor proteins encoded by a number of genes. Whales don't have a sense of smell underwater, but their genomes still contain copies (pseudogenes) of some of these olfactory genes in their genomes. Because they are still present in whales' genomes, these genes must serve some other function in whales. Whales have some vestigial features like muscles that are attached to external ears in other mammals, even though whales have lost their external ears. Humans also lost some traits (e.g., body fur) and also have some vestigial traits, such as a mechanism to cause fur to stand on end even though we are mostly hairless (i.e., arrector pili muscles that produce goosebumps). Some features like hindlimb buds and whiskers are observed…arrow_forwardThe Amish community in Eastern Pennsylvania stemmed from a small closed population of around 200 individuals from Eastern Europe. Certain mutant alleles have been found at higher frequencies in the Amish relative to the general population, including a rare form of dwarfism called Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome, in which the short stature is accompanied by polydactyly. Evaluate the factors driving evolution in the Amish population. Is this form of evolution adaptive? Explain.arrow_forward1) What is the source of modifications that contribute to the variety of offspring produced by descent with modification (HINT: Think of concepts discussed in the genetics and reproduction units) 2) During Charles Darwin’s voyages, he observed species of plants and animals unique to specific islands, but with similar looking species on nearby islands. How did Darwin explain these similarities and differences? 3) Unique species of animals found on isolated islands are not randomly different from their mainland “cousins,” they are especially and uniquely adapted for island life. Provide examples of this phenomenon. How can this occurrence be explained?arrow_forward
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The Evolution of Populations: Natural Selection, Genetic Drift, and Gene Flow; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRWXEMlI0_U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
The Evolution of Humans | Evolution | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vf_dDp7drFg;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY