BIOLOGY VOL. II
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781308795317
Author: Raven
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill/Create
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Chapter 25, Problem 3S
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A graduate student performing studies on mutations in drosophila (fruit flies) discovered a
strain of flies with a silent mutation in the gene controlling the shape of the wings. Further
investigation has shown that this mutation is lethal in flies who are homozygote. Flies that are
homozygote wild type or heterozygote can develop and are able to survive.
What is a silent mutation (in your own words) and propose a hypothesis that could explain
these observations using concepts learned. (a hypothesis is a proposed explanation based on
an observation or observations)
What is a gene? Why are regulatory genes important to the evolutionary process? What is a mutation as defined in this course and readings. Are the end results of a mutation always "good" or always "bad"? Or is a mutation perhaps neither always good or always bad and could be "neutral or no effect" or "adaptive" in some situations? Does it depend on the gene, amino acid, protein, and case-by-case scenario? What genetic evidence suggests that humans are a part of a biological continuum with all life forms. Does the number of genes in a biological organism correlate, predict, or denote the complexity of the organism? Does the number of chromosomes in a biological organism correlate, predict, or denote the complexity of the organism?
Which of the following statements concerning genes are true? Select all that apply.
A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a certain trait.A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a certain trait.
An allele is a variation of a given gene.
Genes contain information that codes only for proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.Genes contain information that codes only for proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.
Genes are not responsible for the expression of traits.Genes are not responsible for the expression of traits.
Allele variations are due to small changes in the nucleotide sequence within the gene that sometimes change the structure of a protein and ultimately its function.Allele variations are due to small changes in the nucleotide sequence within the gene that sometimes change the structure of a protein and ultimately its function.
Chapter 25 Solutions
BIOLOGY VOL. II
Ch. 25 - Heterochrony is a. the alteration of the spatial...Ch. 25 - Vast differences in the phenotypes of organisms as...Ch. 25 - Homoplastic structures a can Involve convergence...Ch. 25 - Hox genes are a. found in both plants and animals....Ch. 25 - The Brachyury and Thx5 in vertebrates and the Ap3...Ch. 25 - Which of the following statements about Pax6 is...Ch. 25 - Which of the following statements about TbxS is...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8UCh. 25 - Transcription factors are a. genes. b. sequences...Ch. 25 - Independently derived mutations of the CTC gene in...
Ch. 25 - Prob. 1ACh. 25 - Prob. 2ACh. 25 - The Eda allele that causes reduced armor...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4ACh. 25 - The paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1...Ch. 25 - From the chapter on evolution of development it...Ch. 25 - Phenotypic diversity among major groups of...Ch. 25 - Critique the argument that eyes have multiple...Ch. 25 - Prob. 5SCh. 25 - Having read all of this chapter return to the clam...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Another way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes? A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryoarrow_forwardprovide one example from the Drosophila AP toolkit for "Toolkit genes can be classified according to the phenotypes caused by their mutation. Similar mutant phenotypes often reflect genes that function in a single developmental pathway. Distinct pathways exist for the generation of body axes, for example, and for the formation and identity of fields."arrow_forwardMany animals have the p53 gene that makes a protein that regulates the cell cycle and helps prevent the formation of cancer cells. The table below shows the percentage of p53 gene sequences that the 4 species have when compared to humans. Species Percentage of p53 Gene Sequence Similar to Human Human 100 Horse 60.7 Fruit Fly 15.5 Rat 76.8 Pig 81.3 Which organism in the table is most closely related to humans based on this data? pig horse fruit fly rat 0 0 0 0arrow_forward
- Identify whether the claim "The normal gene function is essential for the viability of the zebrafish" is accurate, false, or whether there is not enough information to make a decision based on the question.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the differential expression of human genes is correct? A. Differential expression does not occur during embryogenesis (development of the embryo). B. The unused genes in differentiated cells no longer retain the potential to be expressed. C. Gene expression patterns of all cells are identical. D. Every cell nucleus contains the complete genome established in the fertilized egg.arrow_forwardPropose a hypothesis that could explain the following observation. A graduate student performing studies on mutations in drosophila (fruit flies) discovered a strain of flies with a silent mutation in the gene controlling the shape of the wings. Further investigation has shown that this mutation is lethal in flies who are homozygote. Flies that are homozygote wild type or heterozygote can develop and are able to survive.arrow_forward
- A. What traits are controlled by the branching gene and fruitcase gene? And how were they determined to be major players in the development of maize? B. Teosinte looks like a terrible plant to begin to domesticate for agricultural purposes. What hypothesis is put forth to explain farmers’ early interest in the plant? C. Often successful domestication of a plant or animal is due to the fact that this involved just a few gene changes. In what situation can changes in just a few genes dramatically change an organism's entire appearance? D. Who is Norman Borlaug?arrow_forwardIn a first attempt to describe the relationship between genes and phenotypes, Beadle and Tatum in the 1940s stated that each gene is a section of the genome that codes for a specific enzyme (one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis). Which more recent discoveries regarding gene expression are not covered by this hypothesis? Some genes are transcribed into functional RNA molecules that are not translated into protein. Genes code for proteins other than enzymes. Enzymes comprised of several different polypeptides, such as RNA polymerase, are encoded by more than one gene. a and b, but not c a, b, and carrow_forwardPax6 is a gene that is involved in mammalian eye development. Mutations in this gene result in a lack of iris in humans, and mice that are homozygous for the mutation lack eyes completely. Mutations in the eyeless gene in the fruitfly Drosophila result in reduced eyes. Expressing Pax6 from mammals in other tissues of Drosophila during its embryonic development can result in an ectopic eye (e.g. an eye expressed in a different tissue type). An example of an ectopic eye on the antenna of Drosophila is shown below. Part A: The eye of humans, mouse, and fly are an example of the following (check all that apply) A. Structural analog B. Structural homolog C. Developmental homolog D. Genetic homolog Part B: Darwin's hypothesis of natural selection has two components: Species are not static but change through time Species are related, and not independent. In what ways does the human, mouse, and fly eye support or contradict one or both of the two components of…arrow_forward
- Discuss the significance of mutations and explain the role of the environment in the evolutionary process. (Hint: Consider Lenski's study and what is demonstrated. Do not re-tell Lenski’s study)arrow_forwardBackground: In class we did a project about m and m’s and there ability to evolve and natural selection. (Yes I know they can’t actually evolve it was just used as a example in class) however I can’t figure out this question. Occasionally a mutant may occur and produce a candy that is misshapen or Pointier or flatter than the rest. Often this proves to be a weakness, but a rare mutation may confer extra M&M durability. Other mutations in M&Ms could occur ( like ones that result in a new color). A mutant un you population represents a new _________. What goes in the blankarrow_forwardDescribe how researchers use RNA interference toidentify pleiotropic genes that function in a particulardevelopmental pathwayarrow_forward
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