COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781464196393
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 25, Problem 5QAP
To determine
Explain the Michelson-Morley experiment.
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The star of a distant solar system explodes as a supernova. At the moment of the explosion, anresting exploration spaceship is 15 AU away from the shock wave. The shock wave of the explosiontravels with 25000 km/s towards the spaceship. To save the crew, the spacecra makes useof a special booster that uniformly accelerates at 150 m/s2 in the opposite direction.Determine if the crew manages to escape from the shock wave. (Neglect relativistic eects.)
1. The second postulate of special relativity states that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant in all inertial frames of reference and is independent of the motion of the source. With this in mind, which of the following statements is NOT true?a. The speed of light is faster for an object that is moving than for an object at rest.b. The speed of light changes depending on the matter by which it travels.c. The speed of light does not change no matter how fast the source by which the light comes from is moving.d. The speed of light does not change regardless of the motion of the observer.
Determine if the following statement is True or False:
In relativistic physics, the variable velocity of motion is considered constant in different reference frames.
Chapter 25 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
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- An interstellar space probe is launched from Earth. After a brief period of acceleration, it moves with a constant velocity, 70.0% of the speed of light. Its nuclear-powered batteries supply the energy to keep its data transmitter active continuously. The batteries have a lifetime of 15.0 years as mean red in a rest frame. (a) How long do the batteries on the space probe last as measured by mission control on Earth? (b) How far is the probe from Earth when its batteries fail as measured by mission control? (c) How far is the probe from Earth as measured by its built-in trip odometer when its batteries fail? (d) For what total time after launch are data received from the probe by mission control? Note that radio waves travel at the speed of light and till the space between the probe and Earth at the time the battery fails.arrow_forwardSpeed of light in a moving medium. The motion of a medium such as water influences the speed of light. This effect was first observed by Fizeau in 1851. Consider a light beam passing through a horizontal column of water moving with a speed v. (a) Show that if the beam travels in the same direction as the flow of water, the speed of light measured in the laboratory frame is given by where n is the index of refraction of the water. (Hint: Use the inverse Lorentz velocity transformation and note that the speed of light with respect to the moving frame is given by c/n.) (b) Show that for v << c, the preceding expression is in good agreement with Fizeau’s experimental result: This proves that the Lorentz velocity transformation and not the Galilean velocity transformation is correct for light.arrow_forwardConstruct Your Own Problem Consider an astronaut traveling to another star at a relativistic velocity. Construct a problem in which you calculate the time for the trip as observed on the Earth and as observed by the astronaut. Also calculate the amount of mass that must be converted to energy to get the astronaut and ship to the velocity travelled. Among the things to be considered are the distance to the star, the velocity, and the mass of the astronaut and ship. Unless your instructor directs you otherwise, do not include any energy given to other masses, such as rocket propellants.arrow_forward
- An interstellar space probe is launched from Earth. After a brief period of acceleration, it moves with a constant velocity, 70.0% of the speed of light. Its nuclear-powered batteries supply the energy to keep its data transmitter active continuously. The batteries have a lifetime of 15.0 years as measured in a rest frame. (a) How long do the batteries on the space probe last as measured by mission control on Earth? (b) How far is the probe from Earth when its batteries fail as measured by mission control? (c) How far is the probe from Earth as measured by its built-in trip odometer when its batteries fail? (d) For what total time after launch are data received from the probe by mission control? Note dial radio waves travel at the speed of light and fill the space between the probe and Earth at the time the battery fails.arrow_forwardA physics professor on the Earth gives an exam to her students, who are in a spacecraft traveling at speed v relative to the Earth. The moment the craft passes the professor, she signals the start of the exam. She wishes her students to have a time interval T0 (spacecraft time) to complete the exam. Show that she should wait a time interval (Earth time) of T=T01/c1+/c before sending a light signal telling them to stop. (Suggestion: Remember that it takes some time for the second light signal to travel from the professor to the students.)arrow_forwardOne cosmic ray neutron has a velocity of 0.250c relative to the Earth. (a) What is the neutron's total energy in MeV? (b) Find its momentum. (c) Is Epc in this situation? Discuss in terms of the equation given in part (a) of the previous problem.arrow_forward
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- Consider the case of two kids, Sam and Peter, riding a train and playing catch in an empty car. The train is moving to the right at 10 m/s. The kids can throw the ball at a speed of 5 m/s. The side of the car is transparent and a poodle named Max can see the boys playing inside. What is the speed and direction of Sam’s throw to Peter, according to Max? Explain.arrow_forwardEarth's neighboring galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy, is a distance of 2.54×107 light-years from Earth. If the lifetime of a human is taken to be 70.0 years, a spaceship would need to achieve some minimum speed ?min to deliver a living human being to this galaxy. How close to the speed of light would this minimum speed be? Express your answer as the difference between ?min and the speed of light ?. ?−?min= m/sarrow_forwardYou are an engineer assigned to build a spaceship. The length and diameter of your spaceship as measured by an astronaut on board are 80.0 m and 25.0 m, respectively. The spaceship moves at 70% the speed of light relative to you on Earth in a direction parallel to its length. What are its dimensions as measured by you on Earth?arrow_forward
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