Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The structure of given uridine 5’-phosphate has to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Composition of
Sugar: In both DNA and RNA, sugar portion is found. In DNA, the sugar is D-ribose, where at 2’hydroxyl group is absent and in RNA, the hydroxyl group is present at 2’.
Nitrogenous bases: Five types of nitrogenous bases (has unique one-letter code A, G, T, U, and C) are derived from two parent compounds called purine and pyrimidine. The purine derivatives are Adenine and Guanine, which are two fused nitrogen containing rings. The pyrimidine derivatives are Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil, which are only one nitrogen containing six-membered ring. Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine are the nitrogenous bases present in DNA. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil are the nitrogenous bases present in RNA.
Nucleotide: (Nucleoside + phosphate)
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nuclei acids; monomers of DNA and RNA
Nucleoside and its naming: The combination of monosaccharide (sugar) and nitrogenous base is known as nucleoside. The nucleoside names are the nitrogenous base name modified with criteria. While naming nucleoside of purine derivatives the suffix ‘-osine’ is included and for pyrimidine derivatives the suffix ‘-idine’ is used. No prefix used for the nucleosides containing ribose and the prefix ‘deoxy-’ is used for deoxyribose.
Naming nucleotide: At the end of the nucleoside, phosphate group is added. For example, 5’-monophosphate means adding one phosphate group at 5’carbon in the sugar ring.
Numbering the atoms in sugar and base rings:
In order to distinguish the atoms in the sugar of a nucleoside and atoms of a base ring, numbers without prime is used for atoms in the base ring and numbers with prime used for the atoms in the sugar ring.
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Fundamentals Of General, Organic And Biological Chemistry In Si Units
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- Given the structures of the nitrogenous bases shown in the picture, draw the structure of a part of DNA with the sequence: 5'-GTTCA-3'.arrow_forwardGive the name of the base, the ribonucleoside or deoxyribonucleoside, and the ribonucleoside triphosphate for A, G, C, T, and U.arrow_forwardDescribe the steric interactions that determine the conformations that pyrimidine nucleosides assume.arrow_forward
- To create a DNA:RNA hybrid from a short stretch of DNA with the sequence 5'-GGCTAAGTATGCCTAGTAGC-3', design the corresponding RNA sequence. Indicate the sequence in a 5' to 3' manner. What type of helix (A, B or Z) will this double-stranded nucleic acid form?arrow_forwardDraw the structure of a dinucleotide formed by joining the 3 '-OH group of dTMP to the 5 '-phosphate in dGMP.arrow_forwardExplain What are the four Deoxynucleotides?arrow_forward
- Draw the structure of each dinucleotide and identify the 5 'and 3 ' ends. a. the deoxyribonucleotide formed by joining two deoxyguanosine 5 '-phosphates together b. the ribonucleotide formed by joining the 5 '-phosphate of UMP with the 3 '-OH of AMParrow_forwardName the bases in the pentanucleotide with the sequence G-A-U-C-A. Does this come from RNA or DNA? Explain.arrow_forwardGiven the structures of the ribonucleotides as (shown in Image A) and deoxyribonucleotides (as shown in Image B), Draw the structure of the polyribonucleotide UAGCCUG and the structure of thepolydeoxyribonucleotide CGTAGAT.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning