Chapter 27, Problem 81SAE

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The nucleophile that reacts faster with ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_2\text{I}$ is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The nucleophilic substitution reaction $\left({\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2\right)$ is a single step substitution reaction in which electron rich species substitute leaving group. The attack takes place from the back side of the electrophilic center thus there is an inversion of the configuration takes place. Also, there is a single transition state because bond breaking and bond making occurs simultaneously. A stronger nucleophile is generally favored in the case of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$.

Nucleophiles are the electron-rich species that donate the electron pair to the electron-deficient species in the reaction. The electron-deficient species are known as the electrophiles.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The substrate that reacts faster with ${\mathrm{OH}}^{-}$ in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The nucleophilic substitution reaction $\left({\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2\right)$ is a single step substitution reaction in which electron rich species substitute leaving group. The attack takes place from the back side of the electrophilic center thus there is an inversion of the configuration takes place. Also, there is a single transition state because bond breaking and bond making occurs simultaneously. A stronger nucleophile is generally favored in the case of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$.