Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The element with higher first ionization energy should be predicted from BiandXe.
Concept Introduction:
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion is termed as ionization energy.
(b)
Interpretation:
The element with higher first ionization energy should be predicted from Se and Te.
Concept Introduction:
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion is termed as ionization energy.
(c)
Interpretation:
The element with higher first ionization energy should be predicted from Rb andY.
Concept Introduction:
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion is termed as ionization energy.
(d)
Interpretation:
The element with higher first ionization energy should be predicted from KandNe.
Concept Introduction:
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form an ion is termed as ionization energy.
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Principles of Modern Chemistry
- What is the valence electron configu.ration for Group SA (lS) elements?Metallic character increases when going down a group. Give some examples illustrating how Bi and Sbhave metallic characteristics not associated with N, P,and As. Elemental nitrogen exists as N2 whereas in the gas phase the elements phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony consist of P4' As4, and Sb4 molecules, respectively.Give a possible reason for" this difference between N2 and the other Group SA (lS) elements. White phosphorus is much more reactive than black or red phosphorus. Explain.arrow_forwardWrite shortly about the followings:1- Types of bonding2- Ionization potential3- Electron affinity4- Semimetals or metalloids.5- The average valence electron energy (AVEE).arrow_forwardWrite the electronic configuration of 3 Li and 26Fe and explain the possible valency they can exhibit.arrow_forward
- Consider the Mg2+, Cl-, K+, and Se2- ions. The four spheresbelow represent these four ions, scaled according to ionic size.(a) Without referring to Figure 7.8, match each ion to its appropriatesphere. (b) In terms of size, between which of the sphereswould you find the (i) Ca2+ and (ii) S2- ions?arrow_forwardWithout consulting any tables, arrange the following substances in order and explain your choice of order: (a) Mg2+,Ar,Br,Ca2+ in order of increasing radius (b) Na, Na+ , O, Ne in order of increasing ionization energy (c) H, F, Al, O in order of increasing electronegativityarrow_forwardExplain why Xe, and to a limited extent Kr, form com-pounds, where as He, Ne, and Ar do not.arrow_forward
- What is the zeff, atomic radius, and ionization energy of Arsenic?arrow_forwardᴄᴀʟᴄᴜʟᴀᴛᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴇɴꜱɪᴛʏ ᴏꜰ ᴘᴜʀᴇ ᴍᴇᴛᴀʟꜱ, ᴇxᴘʀᴇꜱꜱ ʏᴏᴜʀ ᴀɴꜱᴡᴇʀ ɪɴ ᴋɢ/ᴍ3ᴀ. Iron @ ꜰʙᴄ ᴀɴᴅ ꜰᴄᴄʙ. ᴄopper (ꜰᴄᴄ)ᴄ. Magnesium (ʜᴄᴘ)ᴅ. ᴀʟuminum (ꜰᴄᴄ) Take note that:ꜰᴄᴄ – ʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ ᴡᴇᴀᴋ ᴍᴀᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟꜱ, ᴇxᴄᴇʟʟᴇɴᴛ ᴅᴜᴄᴛɪʟɪᴛʏʙᴄᴄ – ʜɪɢʜ ꜱᴛʀᴇɴɢᴛʜ ᴍᴀᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟꜱ, ᴍᴏᴅᴇʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴅᴜᴄᴛɪʟɪᴛʏʜᴄᴘ – ʟᴏᴡ ᴅᴜᴄᴛɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴏꜰᴛᴇɴ ʙʀɪᴛᴛʟᴇarrow_forwardGivethreeexamplesofionsthatwouldbeisoelectronicwithneon1s 2 2s 2 2p 6arrow_forward
- The first ionization energy of the oxygen molecule is the energyrequired for the following process:O2(g)---->O2 +(g) + e-The energy needed for this process is 1175 kJ/mol, very similarto the first ionization energy of Xe. Would you expect O2 to reactwith F2? If so, suggest a product or products of this reaction.arrow_forwardThe lattice energy of MgO is 3890 kJ/mol. The first and the second ionization energies (IE1 and IE2) of Mg are 738 kJ/mol and 1450.6 kJ/mol, respectively. The first ionization energy of O is 1314 kJ/mol. The first electron affinity (EA1) of O is +141 kJ/mol. Using these data, as well as data from a table of thermodynamic data at 1 atm and 25°C, determine the second electron affinity for oxygen, EA2(O). kJ/molarrow_forward(i) What is the covalency of N in N2O5 ?(ii) Explain why phosphorus forms pentachloride whereas nitrogen andbismuth do not?arrow_forward
- Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning