Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The MO resulting from the given orbital interaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
When atomic orbitals (AOs) of the same phase interact, they result in a bonding molecular orbital (MO) that is lower in energy than the individual AOs.
Answer to Problem 3.1P
The MO resulting from the given orbital interaction can be drawn as follows:
Explanation of Solution
The orbital interaction shows two orbitals that are lightly shaded. Both have the same negative phase. Since the phases of both are the same, there will be constructive interference, resulting in a bonding MO of negative phase.
The MO resulting from the given orbital interaction can be drawn as follows:
The interaction between orbitals of the same phase results in the formation of a bonding MO.
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the resulting MO is unique compared to the one shown on the right of Figure 3-6a is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
When atomic orbitals (AOs) of the same phase interact, the resulting molecular orbital (MO) has a lower energy than the separate AOs. The phases of the interacting orbitals may be both positive or both negative. The resulting stabilization (lowering of energy) is the same for both.
Answer to Problem 3.1P
The MO resulting from the interaction shown will not be unique compared to the one shown in Figure 3-6a.
Explanation of Solution
The interaction in this case is between AOs of negative phases (light shading). Since the phases are the same, the interaction will result in constructive interference, increasing the electron density between the two nuclei. This will lower the energy of the MO compared to the individual AOs. The extent to which the energy is lowered will be the same as in case of the interaction shown in Figure 3-6a. This is because the interacting orbitals are same except for a different phase.
Therefore, the MO resulting from the interaction shown will not be unique compared to the one in Figure 3-6a.
The interaction between AOs of same phase results in a bonding MO with the same stabilization, whether their phases are both positive or both negative.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK GET READY FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- 2. In the molecular orbital (MO) scheme for frontier orbitals of benzene, answer the following: a) how many of the carbons in benzene are sp²/p hybridized? b) how many p-n electrons does this system have? c) how many T,7* MOs can be constructed from the carbon p-orbitals? d) labeling these yn (n= 1 to ....) increasing in energy, how many vertical nodes do the following MOs have ? Y2,43 ¥4,Y5 e) on the hexagonal skeleton to right, draw the molecular orbital for y3, or y4. Are these MOs bonding, non-bonding or antibonding? Clearly show/tell why. f) in benzene, what orbital(s) is/are the HOMO? yn = g) what is the (value of the) aromatic stabilization energy for benzene? h) is benzene more or less stable than 1,3,5-cyclohexatriene? more less i) in two words, what is the structure of benzene? the LUMO? yn = kJ/mol (circle one)arrow_forwardBF3 is a molecule with ["3", "2", "1", "4"] electron domains giving it a ["linear", "trigonal planar", "tetrahedral"] electron domain geometry. It has ["3", "4", "2", "1"] bonded atoms and ["1", "2", "0", "3"] lone pairs. BF3 will exhibit a ["linear", "trigonal planar", "trigonal pyramidal", "tetrahedral", "bent"] molecular geometry.arrow_forwardHCN is a molecule with ["1", "2", "3", "4"] electron domains giving it a ["trigonal planar", "linear", "tetrahedral"] electron domain geometry. It has ["3", "4", "2", "1"] bonded atoms and ["0", "3", "1", "2"] lone pairs. HCN will exhibit a ["bent", "linear", "trigonal planar", "tetrahedral", "trigonal pyramidal"] molecular geometry.arrow_forward
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning