COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781711470832
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU
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Chapter 33, Problem 9TP
To determine
The first hint that the conservation ofmass and conservation of energy might need to be combinedinto one concept.
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Chapter 33 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
Ch. 33 - The total energy in the beam of an accelerator is...Ch. 33 - Synchrotron radiation takes energy from an...Ch. 33 - What two major limitations prevent us from...Ch. 33 - What are the advantages of collidingbeam...Ch. 33 - Large quanti?es of antimatter isolated from normal...Ch. 33 - Massless particles are not only neutral, they are...Ch. 33 - Massless particles must travel at the speed of...Ch. 33 - When a stat erupts in a supernova explosion, huge...Ch. 33 - Theorists have had spectacular success in...Ch. 33 - What lifetime do you expect for an antineutron...
Ch. 33 - Why does the meson have such a short lifetime...Ch. 33 - (a) Is a hadron always a baryon? (b) Is a baryon...Ch. 33 - Explain how conservation of baryon number is...Ch. 33 - The quark ?avor change it takes place in decay....Ch. 33 - Explain how the weak force can change strangeness...Ch. 33 - Beta decay is caused by the weak force, as are all...Ch. 33 - Why is it easier to see the properties of the c,...Ch. 33 - How can quarks, which are fermions, combine to...Ch. 33 - What evidence is cited is support the contention...Ch. 33 - Discuss how we know that (mesons are not...Ch. 33 - An antibaryon has three antiquarks with colors...Ch. 33 - Suppose leptons are created in a reaction. Does...Ch. 33 - How can the lifetime of a particle indicate that...Ch. 33 - (a) Do all particles having strangeness also have...Ch. 33 - The sigmazero particle decays mostly via the...Ch. 33 - What do the quark compositions and other quantum...Ch. 33 - Discuss the similarities and differences between...Ch. 33 - Identity evidence for electroweak unification.Ch. 33 - The quarks in a particle are con?ned, meaning...Ch. 33 - If a GUT is proven, and the four forces are...Ch. 33 - If the Higgs boson is discovered and found to have...Ch. 33 - Gluons and the photon are massless. Does this...Ch. 33 - A virtual particle having an approximate mass of...Ch. 33 - Calculate the mass in of a virtual carrier...Ch. 33 - Another component of the strong nuclear force is...Ch. 33 - (a) Find the ratio of the strengths the weak and...Ch. 33 - We ratio of the strong to the weak force and the...Ch. 33 - At full energy, protons in the 2.00kmdiameter...Ch. 33 - Suppose a W created in a bubble chamber lives for...Ch. 33 - What length track does a (+ traveling at 0.100 c...Ch. 33 - The 3.20kmlong SLAC produces a beam of 50.0GeV...Ch. 33 - Because of energy loss due to synchrotron...Ch. 33 - A proton and an antiproton collide headon, with...Ch. 33 - When an electron and positron collide at the SLAC...Ch. 33 - The is its own antiparticle and decays in the...Ch. 33 - The primary decay mode for the negative pion is...Ch. 33 - The mass of a theoretical particle that may be...Ch. 33 - The decay mode of the negative muon is (a) Find...Ch. 33 - The decay mode of the positive tau is (a) What...Ch. 33 - The principal decay mode at the sigma zero is (a)...Ch. 33 - (a) What is the uncertainty in the energy released...Ch. 33 - (a) What is the uncertainty in the energy released...Ch. 33 - (a) Verify from its quark composition that the...Ch. 33 - Accelerators such as the Triangle Universities...Ch. 33 - The reaction (described in the preceding problem)...Ch. 33 - One of the decay modes of the omega minus is (a)...Ch. 33 - Repeat the previous problem for the decay modeCh. 33 - One decay mode for the etazero meson is (a) Find...Ch. 33 - One decay mode for the etazero meson is (a) Write...Ch. 33 - Is the decay possible considering the appropriate...Ch. 33 - Is the decay possible considering the appropriate...Ch. 33 - (a) Is the decay possible considering the...Ch. 33 - (a) Is the decay possible considering the...Ch. 33 - The only combination of quark colors that produces...Ch. 33 - (a) Three quarks form a baryon. How many...Ch. 33 - (a) Show that the conjectured decay of the proton,...Ch. 33 - Verify the quantum numbers given for the + in...Ch. 33 - Verify the quantum numbers given for the proton...Ch. 33 - (a) How much energy would be released if the...Ch. 33 - (a) Find the charge, baryon number, strangeness,...Ch. 33 - There are particles called Dmesons. One of them is...Ch. 33 - There are particles called bottom mesons or...Ch. 33 - (a) What particle has the quark composition u-u-d?...Ch. 33 - (a) Show than all combinations of three quarks...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts The intensity of cosmic ray...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Assuming conservation of...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts What is the wavelength of a...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Calculate the relativistic...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts The primary decay mode for the...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Plans for an accelerator that...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Suppose you are designing a...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts In supernovas, neutrinos are...Ch. 33 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider an...Ch. 33 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a detector...Ch. 33 - Prob. 1TPCh. 33 - Prob. 2TPCh. 33 - Prob. 3TPCh. 33 - Prob. 4TPCh. 33 - Prob. 5TPCh. 33 - Prob. 6TPCh. 33 - Prob. 7TPCh. 33 - Prob. 8TPCh. 33 - Prob. 9TPCh. 33 - Prob. 10TPCh. 33 - Prob. 11TPCh. 33 - Prob. 12TPCh. 33 - Prob. 13TPCh. 33 - Prob. 14TPCh. 33 - Prob. 15TPCh. 33 - Prob. 16TPCh. 33 - Prob. 17TPCh. 33 - Prob. 18TP
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- A positron is an antimatter version of the electron, having exactly the same mass. When a positron and an electron meet, they annihilate, converting all of their mass into energy. (a) Find the energy released, assuming negligible kinetic energy before the annihilation. (b) If this energy is given to a proton in the form of kinetic energy, what is its velocity? (c) If this energy is given to another electron in the form of kinetic energy, what is its velocity?arrow_forward(a) What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a ray that is traveling at 0.998c? This gives some idea of how energetic a ray must be to travel at nearly the same speed as a ray. (b) What is the velocity of the ray relative to the ray?arrow_forwardA chain of nuclear reactions in the Suns core converts four protons into a helium nucleus. (a) What is the mass difference between four protons and a helium nucleus? (b) How much energy in MeV is released during the conversion of four protons into a helium nucleus?arrow_forward
- Electrons and positions are collided in a circular accelerator. Derive the expression for the center-of-mass energy of the particle.arrow_forwardThe mass of a theoretical particle that may be associated with the uni?cation of the electroweak and strong forces is (a) How many proton masses is this? (b) How many electron masses is this? (This indicates how extremely relativistic the accelerator would have to be in order to make the particle, and how large the relativistic quantity (would have to be.)arrow_forwardWhat are six particle conservation laws? Briefly describe them.arrow_forward
- A muon formed high in Earth's atmosphere travels toward Earth at a speed v = 0.990c for a distance of 4.60 km as measured by an observer at rest with respect to Earth. It then decays into an electron, a neutrino, and an antineutrino. (a) How long does the muon survive according to an observer at rest on Earth? (b) Compute the gamma factor associated with the muon. (c) How much time passes according to an observer traveling with the muon? (d) What distance does the muon travel according to an observer traveling with the muon? (e) A third observer traveling toward the muon at c/2 measures the lifetime of the particle. According to this observer, is the muons lifetime shorter or longer than the lifetime measured by the observer at rest with respect to Earth? Explain.arrow_forward(a) Verify from its quark composition that the particle could be an excited state of the proton. (b) There is a spread of about 100 MeV in the decay energy of the interpreted as uncertainty due to its short lifetime. What is its approximate lifetime? (c) Does its decay proceed via the strong or weak force?arrow_forwardRaymond Davis Jr.’s neutrino detector contained approximately 1030 chlorine atoms. During his experiment, he found that one neutrino reacted with a chlorine atom to produce one argon atom each day. A. How many days would he have to run the experiment for 1% of his tank to be filled with argon atoms? B. Convert your answer from A. into years. C. Compare this answer to the age of the universe, which is approximately 14 billion years (1.41010y) . D. What does this tell you about how frequently neutrinos interact with matter?arrow_forward
- A muon formed high in Earth's atmosphere travels toward Earth at a speed v = 0.990c for a distance of 4.60 km as measured by an observer at rest with respect to Earth. It then decays into an electron, a neutrino, and an antineutrino. (a) How long does the muon survive according to an observer at rest on Earth? (b) Compute the gamma factor associated with the muon. (c) How much time passes according to an observer traveling with the muon? (d) What distance does the muon travel according to an observer traveling with the muon? (e) A third observer traveling toward the muon at c/2 measures the lifetime of the particle. According to this observer, is the muons lifetime shorter or longer than the lifetime measured by the observer at rest with respect to Earth? Explain.arrow_forward(a) Estimate the mass of the luminous matter in the known universe, given there are 1011 galaxies, each containing 1011 stars of average mass 1.5 times that of our Sun. (b) How many protons (the most abundant nuclide) are there in this mates? (c) Estimate the total number of particles in the observable universe by multiplying the answer to (b) by two, since there is an electron for each proton, and then by 109, since there are far more particles (such as photons and neutrinos) in space than in luminous matter.arrow_forwardBriefly compare the Van de Graaff accelerator, linear accelerator, cyclotron, and synchrotron accelerator.arrow_forward
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