The reasons for antibodies, provided from a passive immunization, are effective for short term, while an antibody, produced by the body, remains effective for the longer term. Introduction: Antibodies are the protein molecules produced by the body to retaliate the antigen. Antibodies are specific to antigens. In immunization, the antigens (weakened) or antibodies are provided to boost the immune response.

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Researchers can make monoclonal antibodies by immunizing a mouse with a molecule (or with a microorganism). The resulting antibody-mediated response produces a set of antibodies that recognize different parts of the molecule. The mouse's B cells are then harvested from its spleen and fused with cancerous B cells from a myeloma cell line. The resulting hybrid myeloma ("hybridoma") cells are cloned: Individual cells are grown in tissue culture as separate cell lines. Each cell line produces and secretes antibodies that recognize one part of the immunizing molecule. These antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies, and they can be purified and used for research or other purposes. Monoclonal antibodies are effective for passive immunization, but only in the immediate term. Antibodies produced by one's own immune system can last up to about six months in the bloodstream, but monoclonals delivered in passive immunization often last for less than a week. Why the difference?

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Chapter 34, Problem 2CT

Summary Introduction

To describe:

The reasons for antibodies, provided from a passive immunization, are effective for short term, while an antibody, produced by the body, remains effective for the longer term.

Introduction:

Antibodies are the protein molecules produced by the body to retaliate the antigen. Antibodies are specific to antigens. In immunization, the antigens (weakened) or antibodies are provided to boost the immune response.

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Researchers can make monoclonal antibodies by immunizing a mouse with a molecule (or with a microorganism). The resulting antibody-mediated response produces a set of antibodies that recognize different parts of the molecule. The mouse's B cells are then harvested from its spleen and fused with cancerous B cells from a myeloma cell line. The resulting hybrid myeloma ("hybridoma") cells are cloned: Individual cells are grown in tissue culture as separate cell lines. Each cell line produces and secretes antibodies that recognize one part of the immunizing molecule. These antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies, and they can be purified and used for research or other purposes. Monoclonal antibodies are effective for passive immunization, but only in the immediate term. Antibodies produced by one's own immune system can last up to about six months in the bloodstream, but monoclonals delivered in passive immunization often last for less than a week. Why the difference?

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing a mouse with a particular antigen, then removing its spleen. Individual B cells producing mouse antibodies specific for the antigen are isolated from the spleen, then fused with cancer cells. Each of the resulting hybrid cells can be cloned, which means it can be cultured indefinitely in the laboratory. The resulting cell lines produce and secrete antibodies that recognize the antigen to which the mouse was immunized. These antibodies are called monoclonal antibodies. Some monoclonal antibodies are used for passive immunization. They are effective, but only in the immediate term. Antibodies that are produced by one’s own immune system can last up to about six months in the bloodstream, but those delivered in passive immunization often last for less than a week. Why the difference?

In relation to immunotechnology, answer the following: A- Answer the following in relation to Hybridoma technology: → What is the cancer cell line name used in hybridoma technology? → Give an example of murine Monocolonal Antibody produced by hybridoma technology? B- Give ONE main difference between: Murine MABs and fully human MABs? and explain the reason behind developing different forms of Monoclonal antibodies (chimeric MABs, humanized MABs, and fully human MABs) C- You are in an internship in one major Hospital, You were in rotation with a clinical pharmacist in oncology section and you came over a breast cancer patient. The personal doctor was making a quick visit to the patient to make sure the patient is following the therapeutic protocol and the treatment is running smoothly. The doctor wrote in the prescription sheet “Trastuzumab” to be dispensed by the In Patient Pharmacy, when the clinical pharmacist saw this he advised the doctor politely to use the…