Biology: Concepts and Applications (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285427812
Author: Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 34, Problem 5SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The immunity of an organism shows the capacity to resist and combat against a number of foreign invaders (pathogens) like bacteria, virus and many others is known as the immunity of the body. The individual who studies about immunity is known as an immunologist.
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A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic reactions during complement activation.
a. regulator of complement activation
b. convertase
c. complement control protein module
d. zymogen
e. opsonin.
Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of aspecific protein is called ________.a. endocytosisb. opsonizationc. anaphylaxisd. complement activation
Deficiencies in complement components C1–C4 are associated with _____.
a. neutropenia
b. chronic granulomatous disease
c. immune-complex disease
d. opportunistic infections
e. leukocytosis.
Chapter 34 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Applications (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 34 - Prob. 1SQCh. 34 - Prob. 2SQCh. 34 - Which of the following is not considered to be...Ch. 34 - Prob. 4SQCh. 34 - Prob. 5SQCh. 34 - Name a defining characteristic of innate immunity.Ch. 34 - Prob. 7SQCh. 34 - Antibodies are ________. a. antigen receptors c....Ch. 34 - A dendritic cell engulfs a bacterium, then...Ch. 34 - Prob. 10SQ
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- All of the following are true of some or all complement proteins except _____. a. they are soluble and bind to pathogen surfaces b. they participate only in innate immunity c. they are present in extracellular fluids, blood, and lymph d. they facilitate the phagocytosis of pathogens e. they are made as zymogens.arrow_forwardWhich of these statements about complement proteins C3a and C5a is false?a. They are released during the complement fixation process.b. They stimulate chemotaxis of phagocytic cells.c. They promote the activity of phagocytic cells.d.They produce pores in the victim plasma membrane.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system? Select one: a. Lysis of bacteria and other foreign cells b. Repair of damaged tissue c. Increased phagocytosis by phagocytic cells (opsonization) d. Attraction and activation of leukocytesarrow_forward
- Which of the following leads to swelling seen in an inflammation? a. Vasodilation b. Complement activation c. Phagocytosis by macrophages d. Increased capillary permeabilityarrow_forwardThe primary role of complement control proteins that operate in the early stages of complement activation is to _____. a. regulate the expression of complement proteins b. ensure that the components of the membrane-attack complex assemble in the correct sequence c. facilitate the secretion of complement proteins to extracellular locations d. stabilize complement proteins, thus extending their half-lives in serum e. ensure that C3b is deposited on appropriate surfaces.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not describe the outcome of complement activation? a. chemotaxis b. opsonization c. vasoconstriction d. proteolysis e. membrane permeabilization.arrow_forward
- In what process is tumor necrosis factor (TNF) not involved?a. chemotaxis of phagocytesb. fever c. the inflammatory responsed. the classic complement pathwayarrow_forwardMonocytes are ____________- leukocytes that develop into _________- .a. granular, phagocytes b. agranular, mast cells c. agranular, macrophages d. granular, T cellsarrow_forwardWhich pathway(s) of complement initiation/activation would you expect to occur earlier in response to a pathogen following immunization against that pathogen? Indicate any/all correct answers. A. alternative pathway B. mannose binding lectin C. classical D. none of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following does not accurately describe complement components? A. made by the spleen B. located in extracellular spaces C. some function as proteases once activated D. activated by a cascade of enzymatic reactions. E. soluble proteinsarrow_forwardThe largest and most effective of the phagocytes are: a. red blood cells b. lymph nodes c. macrophagesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the end product of the complement system?a. properdin b. cascade reaction c. membrane attack complex d. complement factor C9arrow_forward
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