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You have probably seen articles warning of the danger of being apple-shaped. It’s true that where you store your body fat is at least as important as how much fat you are carrying. “Apples” are said to store visceral belly fat, which is far less healthy than storing fat just beneath the skin as “pears” do in their hips and buttocks. What’s the difference? Visceral fat surrounds organs inside the abdominal cavity and releases a variety of cell-signaling proteins that normally balance one another to promote a healthy
Back to apples and pears: The ratio of waist to hip circumference is often used as an indicator of visceral fat storage. An apple has a ratio greater than 0.85 for females and 0.90 for males; the pear’s ratio is lower. But if you have small hips and lots of subcutaneous fat around your waist, your ratio could classify you as an unhealthy apple. Or you might have lots of visceral fat but be classified as a healthier pear if you happen to have large hips. So forget the fruit. In general, a large waist (>35 inches for females, >40 inches for males) is a pretty reliable indicator of visceral fat and its associated health risks. Fortunately, when you lose weight, particularly through aerobic exercise, visceral fat tends to be the first to go.
Are Pears Healthier Than Apples?
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Chapter 35 Solutions
Biology
- Why do young animals often have more body fat than adults? How does this maintain homeostasis?arrow_forwardWhich statement is not true? A. most people in the world cannot digest milk sugar as adults B.rabbits eat their first feces to reprocess it C. ceca are pouches that come off of the duodenum to create extra bile in animals that eat lots of fat D. some mammals can digest molecules that humans cannot (eg. certain sugars found in insects) E. the crop is used for storage like bees storing nectar that becomes honey Why would it be bad for animals to store lots of glycogen? A. it is difficult to hold inside cells because it is hydrophobic (it diffuses out) B. it reacts with water to create acids C. it causes blood sugar to be too high D. it is hydrophilic attracting lots of water weight/massarrow_forwardAs a person ages, the number of body cells steadily decreases and energy needs decline. If you were planning an older persons diet, what kind(s) of nutrients would you emphasize, and why? Which ones would you recommend an aging person eat less of?arrow_forward
- After you eat too many carbohydrates and proteins, your body converts the excess to storage fats, which accumulate in.____________. a. loose connective tissue b. . dense connective tissue c. adipose tissue d. both b and carrow_forwardFigure 34.12 Which of the following statements about the small intestine is false? Absorptive cells that line the small intestine have microvilli, small projections that increase surface area and aid in the absorption of food. The inside of the small intestine has many folds, called villi. Microvilli are lined with blood vessels as well as lymphatic vessels. The inside of the small intestine is called the lumen.arrow_forwardDo you think that the digestive system of humans is similar to those of other animals? Where might you see the most prominent differences especially between humans and animals with different diets?arrow_forward
- 1. Small intestine vs Large intestine > Compare the two when it comes to function. Compare different vertebrates, 2 examples and include 1 example of a non-vertebrate. 2. Comparing accessory organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas. Compare 2 different vertebrates, include function of the organs. Remember not all vertebrates will have a gall bladder.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is FALSE? A. Bile is a fat molecule-busting enzyme B. Vitamins are organic compounds. C. Most plants have a different composition of amino acids compared to animals. D. Water reabsorption is one of the main functions of the large intestines.arrow_forwardYou are what you eat. What does this mean? If you eat only celery, will you become a vegetable? Sometimes there are so many words used to describe foods and nutrition, it is difficult to make sense of them. In fact, we do use the food we eat to provide energy and also the building blocks for growth and development. Even after you are fully-grown, your body, just like any other machine, needs to make constant repairs to injured areas and must replace cells that have died. To make sure that the structure of your body is correct and strong, you must provide it with a regular supply of the right building materials. Foods are the building materials for the body. There are six large categories of nutrients in food. These are carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Each food you eat not only contains more than one nutrient, but also a different number of calories (energy). Fat, protein, and carbohydrates provide calories, or energy as well as building blocks. Vitamins,…arrow_forward
- Birds do not have teeth. Do you think they have adaptations to processing different types of food, comparable to the diversity seen in mammals? If so, what might these adaptive differences be?arrow_forwardA new food additive was developed whereby fat could not be absorbed by the intestines and then into the bloodstream. People were surprised at how they could eat a lot of greasy food but not gain weight. Why were there subsequent complaints then about night-blindness, bone demineralization, and blood-clotting problems?arrow_forwardThe process of digesting food requires work from the body. Why would you expect the body temperature to rise slightly after eating a big meal?arrow_forward
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