Whether the mutations are non-random since they affect the cell from the environmental stresses. Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations” . The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles” . The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

Question

In the replica plate experiment, it shows that mutations are random. However, certain environmental stresses (such as high temperature, high salt, and low pH) can increase the mutation rate. QUESTIONS: Does this indicate that mutations are nonrandom, since they increase in response to cell stressors?

Answer 1

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Chapter 4, Problem 2PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the mutations are non-random since they affect the cell from the environmental stresses.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of adaptation by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of changes in the cell by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

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In the replica plate experiment, it shows that mutations are random. However, certain environmental stresses (such as high temperature, high salt, and low pH) can increase the mutation rate. QUESTIONS: Does this indicate that mutations are nonrandom, since they increase in response to cell stressors?

Some bacteria might be able to respond to environmental stress by increasing the rate at which mutations occur during cell division. How might this be accomplished? Do you think there would be an evolutionary advantage of this ability? Explain.

a) How are mutations beneficial for plant breeding? Discuss with an example b) Explain in brief the technology that made us self-sufficient in food production.

Answer 2

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Chapter 4, Problem 2PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the mutations are non-random since they affect the cell from the environmental stresses.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of adaptation by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of changes in the cell by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

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Answer 3

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Chapter 4, Problem 2PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the mutations are non-random since they affect the cell from the environmental stresses.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of adaptation by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of changes in the cell by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

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Answer 4

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Chapter 4, Problem 2PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the mutations are non-random since they affect the cell from the environmental stresses.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of adaptation by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of changes in the cell by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

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Answer 5

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Answer 6

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Answer 7

Chapter 4, Problem 2PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the mutations are non-random since they affect the cell from the environmental stresses.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of adaptation by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of changes in the cell by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

Answer 8

Chapter 4, Problem 2PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the mutations are non-random since they affect the cell from the environmental stresses.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

Answer 9

Chapter 4, Problem 2PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the mutations are non-random since they affect the cell from the environmental stresses.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

Answer 10

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of adaptation by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

Answer 11

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of adaptation by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

Answer 12

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of changes in the cell by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

Answer 13

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The probability of changes in the cell by an increase in the rate of mutations.

Introduction: The variations caused by the genetic material of the organisms from a source or randomly are called “mutations”. The mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in a modified form known as “alleles”. The randomness in the mutation rate was shown by Lederberg in “replica plate experiment”. The minute changes in the “DNA fragment” caused the very new variations among the individuals which makes them different from each other. The mutations are the causative factor of variations in an individual to serve, the purpose of survival and reproduction which transmits from one generation to another.

Answer 14

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Ch. 4 - Prob. 1PDT Ch. 4 - Prob. 2PDT Ch. 4 - Prob. 3PDT Ch. 4 - Prob. 4PDT Ch. 4 - Prob. 5PDT Ch. 4 - Prob. 6PDT

Solution Summary: The author explains that mutations affect the constant gene of a species and differentiated the part of the gene in the modified form known as "alleles".

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