Chapter 4, Problem 35R

To determine

To complete: The given sentence.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

The force amplification achieved by a machine can be described by its mechanical advantage.

Mechanical advantage of a machine is calculated by calculating the ratio of the output force to the input force of the machine. A machine produces an output force greater than the force applied (input force) if its mechanical advantage is greater than one. For example: On applying an input force to a car jack, the car jack exerts an output force on the car which lifts the car up. The mechanical advantage here is greater than one, since the output force is greater than the input force.

Conclusion:

Therefore, the completed sentence is, “The ratio of the output force to the input force is the mechanical advantage of a machine”.