Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119494966
Author: Borgnakke, C. (claus), Sonntag, Richard Edwin, Author.
Publisher: Wiley,
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.103EP
To determine
The smallest diameter of tubing for velocity of refrigerant not to exceed
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
Ch. 4 - A temperature difference drives a heat transfer...Ch. 4 - What is the effect can be felt upstream in a flow?Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Air at 500 kPa is expanded to l00 kPa in two...Ch. 4 - A windmill takes out a fraction of the wind...Ch. 4 - An underwater turbine extracts a fraction of the...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine at the bottom of a dam...Ch. 4 - You blow a balloon up with air. What kinds of work...Ch. 4 - Storage tanks of cryogenic liquids (O2,N2,CH4) are...Ch. 4 - A large brewery has a pipe of cross-sectional area...
Ch. 4 - A pool is to be filled with 60m3 water from a...Ch. 4 - Natural gas, CH4 , flowing in a 5cm -diameter pipe...Ch. 4 - A boiler receives a constant flow of 5000kg/h...Ch. 4 - A 0.6m -diameter household fan takes air in at...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 15°C flows out of nozzle straight...Ch. 4 - A nozzle receives an ideal gas flow with a...Ch. 4 - In a jet engine a flow afar at 1000K,200kPa, and...Ch. 4 - The wind is blowing horizontally at 30m/s in a...Ch. 4 - A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 3000m/s ,...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide is throttled from 20C,2000kPa to...Ch. 4 - Saturated liquid R-410A at 25°C is throttled to...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide used as a natural refrigerant flows...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 180C,2000kPa is throttled into a...Ch. 4 - Methane at 1MPa,250K is throttled through a valve...Ch. 4 - A steam turbine has an n1et of 3kg/s water at 1200...Ch. 4 - Air at 20m/s,1500K,875kPa with 5kg/s flows into a...Ch. 4 - Solve the previous problem using Table A.7.Ch. 4 - A wind turbine can extract at most a fraction...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine receives 2kg/s water at...Ch. 4 - A small high-speed turbine operating on compressed...Ch. 4 - Hoover Dam across the Colorado River dams up Lake...Ch. 4 - What is the specific work one can get from Hoover...Ch. 4 - R-410A in a commercial refrigerator flows into the...Ch. 4 - A compressor brings nitrogen from 100kPa,290K to...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator uses the natural refrigerant carbon...Ch. 4 - A factory generates compressed air from l00kPa,17C...Ch. 4 - A compressor brings R-134a from...Ch. 4 - An exhaust fan in a building should be able to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - The air conditioner in a house or a car has a...Ch. 4 - A boiler section boils 3kg/s saturated liquid...Ch. 4 - A superheater takes 3kg/s saturated water vapor in...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide enters a steady-state, steady-flow...Ch. 4 - Find the heat transfer in Problem 4.13.Ch. 4 - A chiller cools liquid water for air-conditioning...Ch. 4 - Saturated liquid nitrogen at 600 kPa enters a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Liquid nitrogen at 90K,400kPa flows into a probe...Ch. 4 - Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling it...Ch. 4 - An irrigation pump takes water from a river at...Ch. 4 - A pipe from one building to another flows water at...Ch. 4 - A river flowing at 0.5m/s across a 1-m-high and...Ch. 4 - A cutting tool uses a nozzle that generates a...Ch. 4 - An adiabatic steam turbine in a power plant...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.55PCh. 4 - A steam turbine receives steam from two boilers...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58PCh. 4 - A condenser (heat exchanger) brings 1kg/s water...Ch. 4 - Steam at 500kPa,300C is used to heat cold water at...Ch. 4 - A dual-fluid heat exchanger has 5kg/s water...Ch. 4 - An energy recovery heat exchanger, shown in Fig....Ch. 4 - Do the previous problem if the water is heated to...Ch. 4 - In a co-flowing (same-direction) heat exchanger,...Ch. 4 - An a water counter flowing heat exchanger has one...Ch. 4 - An automotive radiator has glycol at 95°C enter...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.67PCh. 4 - Two air flows are combined to a single flow. One...Ch. 4 - An open feedwater heater in a power plant heats...Ch. 4 - A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 1.5kg/s...Ch. 4 - A mixing chamber with heat transfer receives 2kg/s...Ch. 4 - A geothermal supply of hot water at 500kPa,150C is...Ch. 4 - A flow of 5kg/s water at l00kPa,20C should be...Ch. 4 - A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen ri at...Ch. 4 - The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4 - A modern jet engine has a temperature after...Ch. 4 - A proposal is made to use a geothermal supply of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - An initially empty canister of volume 0.2m3 is...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous problem but use the line...Ch. 4 - A tank contains 1m3 air at 100kPa,300K . A pipe...Ch. 4 - A 2.5L tank initially is empty, and we want to...Ch. 4 - An insulated 2m3 tank is to be charged with R-134a...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous problem if the valve is closed...Ch. 4 - A 3m3 ? cryogenic storage tank contains nitrogen...Ch. 4 - A nitrogen line at 300K,0.5MPa , shown in Fig....Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88PCh. 4 - A 200L tank (see Fig. P4.89) initially contains...Ch. 4 - A 1-L can of R-410A is at room temperature, 20°C,...Ch. 4 - Steam at 3MPa,400C enters a turbine with a...Ch. 4 - In a glass factory a 2m -wide sheet of glass at...Ch. 4 - Assume a setup similar to that of the previous...Ch. 4 - Three a flows, all at 200 kPa, e connected to the...Ch. 4 - A 1m3,40kg rigid steel tank contains air at 500...Ch. 4 - An insulated spring-loaded piston/cylinder device,...Ch. 4 - A piston/cyl. setup like Fig. 4.96 is such that at...Ch. 4 - A mass-loaded piston/cylinder shown in Fig. P4.98,...Ch. 4 - A flow of 2kg/s of water at 500kPa,20C is heated...Ch. 4 - Refrigerant R-410A at l00psia,60F flows at...Ch. 4 - A pool is to be filled with 2500ft3 water from a...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 60 F flows out of a nozzle...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.103EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.104EPCh. 4 - Nitrogen gas flows into a convergent nozzle at...Ch. 4 - A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 10000ft/s...Ch. 4 - Refrigerant R-410A flows out of a cooler at...Ch. 4 - Saturated vapor R-410A at 75 psia is throttled to...Ch. 4 - A wind turbine can exact at most a fraction 16/27...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine receives 4Ibm/s water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.111EPCh. 4 - What is the specific work one can get from Hoover...Ch. 4 - A small-speed turbine operating on compressed air...Ch. 4 - R.410A in a commercial refigerator flows into the...Ch. 4 - An exhaust fan in a building should be able to...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide gas enters a steady-state,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.117EPCh. 4 - Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling t as...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.119EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.120EPCh. 4 - Do the previous problem if the water is just...Ch. 4 - A dual-fluid heat exchanger has l0Ibm/s water...Ch. 4 - Steam at 80psia,600F is used to heat cold water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.124EPCh. 4 - Two flows of air are both at 30 psia one has...Ch. 4 - A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 3Ibm/s...Ch. 4 - A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen n at...Ch. 4 - The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.129EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.130EPCh. 4 - A tank contains l0ft3 of air at 15psia,540R . A...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.132EPCh. 4 - In a glass factory a 6 ft-wide sheet of glass at...Ch. 4 - A mass-loaded piston/cylinder containing air is at...
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- Refrigerant -134 a enters the evaporator of a refrigerator as saturated vapor at −20∘ C and leaves at −10∘ C and 100 kPa. The volumetric flow rate at the inlet is 0.25 m 3/s Calculate the mass flow rate.arrow_forwardRefrigerant R-134a enters to the compressor of a refrigeration machine at a pressure of 140 kPa and a temperature of -10 °C, then comes out at a pressure of 1 MPa . Volumetric flow of the refrigerant entering the compressor 0.23 m3 /minute. Refrigerant enters throttling valve at 0.95 MPa pressure and 30 °C, and comes out the evaporator at -18 °C as saturated steam. Adiabatic efficiency of the compressor It is 78%. Show the cycle in the T-s diagram. Then calculate: a) Power required to run the compressor b) The heat withdrawn from the cooled environment in unit time, COPsm=? c)Between the evaporator and the compressor, pressure drop of the refrigerant and its heat gain.arrow_forward15- R134a enters a compressor with a heat loss of 200 W as saturated steam at -24 ºC and after compressing to 0.8 MPa, it exits the compressor at 60 ºC. The mass flow of R134a is 1.2 kg/s. Calculate the volumetric flow of the refrigerant at the compressor inlet. A-0,129 m3/sB-0,293 m3/sC-0,163 m3/sD-0,209 m3/sE- 0,347 m3/s (Note: This Turkish I'm using translate) orginal; R134a ısı kaybı 200 W olan bir kompresöre doymuş buhar olarak -24 ºC sıcaklıkta girmekte ve 0.8 MPa basınca sıkıştırıldıktan sonra kompresörden 60 ºC sıcaklıkta çıkmaktadır. R134a’nın kütlesel debisi 1.2 kg/s’dir.Soğutucu akışkanın kompresör girişindeki hacimsel debisini hesaplayınız.arrow_forward
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- Refrigerant 22 at a pressure of 1500 kPa leaves the condenser and rises vertically11 m to the expansion valve. The pressure drop due to friction in the liquid line is21 kPa. In order to have no vapor in the refrigerant entering the expansion valve,what is the maximum allowable temperature at that point?arrow_forwardAt throttling calorimeter receives steam from a boiler drum at0.11MPa and is superheated by 10 degrees. If the boiler drum pressure is 1.55 MPa, what is the quality of the steam generated by the boiler?arrow_forwardA Camot engine uses air and operates between temperature limits of 7400F and 400F. The pressure at state 1 is 200 psia, and the specific volume doubles during the heat addition process. Determine the net work per unit mass.arrow_forward
- he refrigerant R-134a enters the compressor of a refrigeration machine at a pressure of 140kPa and a temperature of -10°C, and exits at a pressure of 1MPa. The volumetric flow of the refrigerant entering the compressor is 0.23m3/minute. The refrigerant enters the throttling valve at a pressure of 0.95MP and at 30 °C, and exits the evaporator as saturated steam at -18 °C. The adiabatic efficiency of the compressor is 78%. Show the cycle in the T-s diagram. a) Power required to start the compressor b) Calculate the heat withdrawn from the cooled environment in unit time, COPSM=? c) Calculate how much the pressure of the refrigerant drops between the evaporator and the compressor and how much the heat gain is.arrow_forwardA schematic of a steam power plant is shown in the figure. The boiler volume is 50 liter and contains 90% liquid and 10% steam at 100kPa. The boiler is heated and when the pressure at the boiler reaches 700kPa, the pressure valve is switched on to maintain a constant pressure of 700kPa. At this pressure, saturated steam moves to an adiabatic turbine. The saturated steam leaves the turbine at 100kPa to the atmosphere. When all the liquid at the boiler evaporator, the heating stops automatically. Calculate the amount of work obtained by the turbine and the amount of heat to be provided to the boiler over one cycle.arrow_forwardA steady-flow, steady-state thermodynamic system receives 1.67 lb/sof a fluid at 4320 psfa and 200°F and discharges it from a point80-ft above the entrance section at 21600 psfa and 600°F. The fluidenters with velocity of 120 ft/s and leaves with a velocity of 40ft/s. During this process, there are supplied 400 Btu/min of heatfrom an external source, and the increase in enthalpy is 2.0 Btu/lb.Determine the work done in horsepower.arrow_forward
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