Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119494966
Author: Borgnakke, C. (claus), Sonntag, Richard Edwin, Author.
Publisher: Wiley,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 4.91P
Steam at
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Steam expands in a turbine at a mass flowrate of m˙ =33Mg/h, entering at 8 MPa, 500°C and 96 m/s, and leaving at 40 kPa, 78% quality and 55 m/s. If the power generated by the turbine is 7.1 MW and the surrounding has a constant temperature of 22 °C
Determine the change rate in the kinetic energy(KW) , turbine inlet area, magnitude of the heat loss rate(MW), and rate of entropy change via heat transfer to the sorrounding
Steam expands in a turbine at a mass flowrate of m˙ =33Mg/h, entering at 8 MPa, 500°C and 96 m/s, and leaving at 40 kPa, 78% quality and 55 m/s. If the power generated by the turbine is 7.1 MW and the surrounding has a constant temperature of 22 °C
Determine the change rate in the kinetic energy, turbine inlet area, magnitude of the heat loss rate and rate of entropy generation
Steam at 1MPa and 554.8726 °C enters an insulated turbine and exits as saturated vapor at 20 kPa. Neglecting potential and kinetic energy changes, determine the work done.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
Ch. 4 - A temperature difference drives a heat transfer...Ch. 4 - What is the effect can be felt upstream in a flow?Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Air at 500 kPa is expanded to l00 kPa in two...Ch. 4 - A windmill takes out a fraction of the wind...Ch. 4 - An underwater turbine extracts a fraction of the...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine at the bottom of a dam...Ch. 4 - You blow a balloon up with air. What kinds of work...Ch. 4 - Storage tanks of cryogenic liquids (O2,N2,CH4) are...Ch. 4 - A large brewery has a pipe of cross-sectional area...
Ch. 4 - A pool is to be filled with 60m3 water from a...Ch. 4 - Natural gas, CH4 , flowing in a 5cm -diameter pipe...Ch. 4 - A boiler receives a constant flow of 5000kg/h...Ch. 4 - A 0.6m -diameter household fan takes air in at...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 15°C flows out of nozzle straight...Ch. 4 - A nozzle receives an ideal gas flow with a...Ch. 4 - In a jet engine a flow afar at 1000K,200kPa, and...Ch. 4 - The wind is blowing horizontally at 30m/s in a...Ch. 4 - A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 3000m/s ,...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide is throttled from 20C,2000kPa to...Ch. 4 - Saturated liquid R-410A at 25°C is throttled to...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide used as a natural refrigerant flows...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 180C,2000kPa is throttled into a...Ch. 4 - Methane at 1MPa,250K is throttled through a valve...Ch. 4 - A steam turbine has an n1et of 3kg/s water at 1200...Ch. 4 - Air at 20m/s,1500K,875kPa with 5kg/s flows into a...Ch. 4 - Solve the previous problem using Table A.7.Ch. 4 - A wind turbine can extract at most a fraction...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine receives 2kg/s water at...Ch. 4 - A small high-speed turbine operating on compressed...Ch. 4 - Hoover Dam across the Colorado River dams up Lake...Ch. 4 - What is the specific work one can get from Hoover...Ch. 4 - R-410A in a commercial refrigerator flows into the...Ch. 4 - A compressor brings nitrogen from 100kPa,290K to...Ch. 4 - A refrigerator uses the natural refrigerant carbon...Ch. 4 - A factory generates compressed air from l00kPa,17C...Ch. 4 - A compressor brings R-134a from...Ch. 4 - An exhaust fan in a building should be able to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.39PCh. 4 - The air conditioner in a house or a car has a...Ch. 4 - A boiler section boils 3kg/s saturated liquid...Ch. 4 - A superheater takes 3kg/s saturated water vapor in...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide enters a steady-state, steady-flow...Ch. 4 - Find the heat transfer in Problem 4.13.Ch. 4 - A chiller cools liquid water for air-conditioning...Ch. 4 - Saturated liquid nitrogen at 600 kPa enters a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - Liquid nitrogen at 90K,400kPa flows into a probe...Ch. 4 - Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling it...Ch. 4 - An irrigation pump takes water from a river at...Ch. 4 - A pipe from one building to another flows water at...Ch. 4 - A river flowing at 0.5m/s across a 1-m-high and...Ch. 4 - A cutting tool uses a nozzle that generates a...Ch. 4 - An adiabatic steam turbine in a power plant...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.55PCh. 4 - A steam turbine receives steam from two boilers...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58PCh. 4 - A condenser (heat exchanger) brings 1kg/s water...Ch. 4 - Steam at 500kPa,300C is used to heat cold water at...Ch. 4 - A dual-fluid heat exchanger has 5kg/s water...Ch. 4 - An energy recovery heat exchanger, shown in Fig....Ch. 4 - Do the previous problem if the water is heated to...Ch. 4 - In a co-flowing (same-direction) heat exchanger,...Ch. 4 - An a water counter flowing heat exchanger has one...Ch. 4 - An automotive radiator has glycol at 95°C enter...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.67PCh. 4 - Two air flows are combined to a single flow. One...Ch. 4 - An open feedwater heater in a power plant heats...Ch. 4 - A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 1.5kg/s...Ch. 4 - A mixing chamber with heat transfer receives 2kg/s...Ch. 4 - A geothermal supply of hot water at 500kPa,150C is...Ch. 4 - A flow of 5kg/s water at l00kPa,20C should be...Ch. 4 - A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen ri at...Ch. 4 - The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4 - A modern jet engine has a temperature after...Ch. 4 - A proposal is made to use a geothermal supply of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - An initially empty canister of volume 0.2m3 is...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous problem but use the line...Ch. 4 - A tank contains 1m3 air at 100kPa,300K . A pipe...Ch. 4 - A 2.5L tank initially is empty, and we want to...Ch. 4 - An insulated 2m3 tank is to be charged with R-134a...Ch. 4 - Repeat the previous problem if the valve is closed...Ch. 4 - A 3m3 ? cryogenic storage tank contains nitrogen...Ch. 4 - A nitrogen line at 300K,0.5MPa , shown in Fig....Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88PCh. 4 - A 200L tank (see Fig. P4.89) initially contains...Ch. 4 - A 1-L can of R-410A is at room temperature, 20°C,...Ch. 4 - Steam at 3MPa,400C enters a turbine with a...Ch. 4 - In a glass factory a 2m -wide sheet of glass at...Ch. 4 - Assume a setup similar to that of the previous...Ch. 4 - Three a flows, all at 200 kPa, e connected to the...Ch. 4 - A 1m3,40kg rigid steel tank contains air at 500...Ch. 4 - An insulated spring-loaded piston/cylinder device,...Ch. 4 - A piston/cyl. setup like Fig. 4.96 is such that at...Ch. 4 - A mass-loaded piston/cylinder shown in Fig. P4.98,...Ch. 4 - A flow of 2kg/s of water at 500kPa,20C is heated...Ch. 4 - Refrigerant R-410A at l00psia,60F flows at...Ch. 4 - A pool is to be filled with 2500ft3 water from a...Ch. 4 - Liquid water at 60 F flows out of a nozzle...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.103EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.104EPCh. 4 - Nitrogen gas flows into a convergent nozzle at...Ch. 4 - A meteorite hits the upper atmosphere at 10000ft/s...Ch. 4 - Refrigerant R-410A flows out of a cooler at...Ch. 4 - Saturated vapor R-410A at 75 psia is throttled to...Ch. 4 - A wind turbine can exact at most a fraction 16/27...Ch. 4 - A liquid water turbine receives 4Ibm/s water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.111EPCh. 4 - What is the specific work one can get from Hoover...Ch. 4 - A small-speed turbine operating on compressed air...Ch. 4 - R.410A in a commercial refigerator flows into the...Ch. 4 - An exhaust fan in a building should be able to...Ch. 4 - Carbon dioxide gas enters a steady-state,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.117EPCh. 4 - Liquid glycol flows around an engine, cooling t as...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.119EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.120EPCh. 4 - Do the previous problem if the water is just...Ch. 4 - A dual-fluid heat exchanger has l0Ibm/s water...Ch. 4 - Steam at 80psia,600F is used to heat cold water at...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.124EPCh. 4 - Two flows of air are both at 30 psia one has...Ch. 4 - A de-superheater has a flow of ammonia of 3Ibm/s...Ch. 4 - A two-stage compressor takes nitrogen n at...Ch. 4 - The intercooler in the previous problem uses cold...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.129EPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.130EPCh. 4 - A tank contains l0ft3 of air at 15psia,540R . A...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.132EPCh. 4 - In a glass factory a 6 ft-wide sheet of glass at...Ch. 4 - A mass-loaded piston/cylinder containing air is at...
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- Steam expands in a turbine at a mass flowrate of m˙ =33Mg/h, entering at 8 MPa, 500°C and 96 m/s, and leaving at 40 kPa, 78% quality and 55 m/s. If the power generated by the turbine is 7.1 MW and the surrounding has a constant temperature of 22 °C Determine the change rate in the kinetic energy, turbine inlet area, magnitude of the heat loss ratearrow_forwardThe work required to compress a gas reversibly according to pV1.30=c is 67790 J, if there is no flow. Determine the change of internal energy and Q if the gas is air.arrow_forward3.9 m3/s of saturated water vapor enters a compressor at 250 kPa and leaves it with a pressure equal to 1400 kPa. Assume the process to be isentropic. Determine the work rate necessary to the nearest kW.arrow_forward
- A frictionless piston–cylinder device contains a saturated liquid–vapor mixture of water at 100°C. During a constant-pressure process, 600 kJ of heat is transferred to the surrounding air at 25°C. As a result, part of the water vapor contained in the cylinder condenses. Determine the entropy change of the water.arrow_forwardConsider a piston-cylinder assembly containing 10.0 kg of water. Initially, the gas has a pressure of 20.0 bar and occupies a volume of 1.0 m3. The system undergoes a reversible process in which it is compressed to 100 bar. The pressure volume relationship during this process is given by: PV1.5 = constant. (a) What is the initial temperature? (b) Calculate the work done during this process. (c) Calculate the heat transferred during this process. (d) What is the final temperature?arrow_forward) A piston – cylinder device initially contains 1 kg of saturated water vapor at 0.2 MPa. Water is now heated at a constant pressure and heat input during the process is 570 kJ. The final temperature of the water is 400°C. If the surroundings are at 100 kPa and 20°C, determine,c) reversible work,arrow_forward
- A turbine is built so that steam enters at the top 180 meters from the exit. Steam with an enthalpy of 3596.939 kJ/kg enters at 2MPa, 400°C, and leaves at 15 kPa with an enthalpy of 2780.26 kJ/kg. When compared to its output velocity of 170 m/s, its velocity when it enters is practically negligible. While passing through the turbine at a rate of 40 MW, heat is also absorbed. If the steam is flowing at a rate of 8 kg/s, How much power is generated by the turbine? Include a completely labeled schematic diagram of the turbine.arrow_forwardA steam turbine operates adiabatically at a power level of 3,500 kW. Steam enters the turbine at 2,400 kPa and 500°C and exhausts from the turbine as saturated vapor at 20 kPa. What is the steam rate through the turbine, and what is the turbine efficiency?arrow_forwardA water-jacketed air compressor handles 0.343 m3/s of air entering at 96.5 kPa and 21°C and leaving at 480 kPa and 132°C, 10.9 kg/h of cooling water enters the jacket at 15°C and leaves at 21°C. Determine the compressor brake power.arrow_forward
- Refrigerant 134-a enters a compressor as saturated vapor at -20°C and leaves at 1.2 MPa and 80°C. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 1.5 kg/s. If the heat loss from the compressor per unit mass of refrigerant is 20 kJ/kg, what is the power input to the compressor?arrow_forwardAn insulated rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. Initially, one part contains 12 kmol of an ideal gas at 330 kPa and 50°C, and the other side is evacuated. The partition is now removed, and the gas fills the entire tank. Determine the total entropy change during this process.arrow_forwardRefrigerant R134a enters an adiabatic compressor as saturated vapor at 160 kPa at a rate of 0.45m³ / min and exits at a pressure of 1 MPa and 80 ° C. Find: a) The isentropic efficiency of the compressor, b) the work per unit mass of the compressor, and c) the working power of the compressor. Ans: a)ηC,II=52.3% b)w=73.14kJ/kg c)Ẇ=4.44kWarrow_forward
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