Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259631757
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Question
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.116P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reactant present in excess when 2.22 g of magnesium is heated to 3.75 g of nitrogen is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The redox reaction can be classified into three types depending upon the number of reactants and products as follows:

1. Combination redox reaction

2. Decomposition redox reaction

3. Displacement redox reactions

Combination redox reactions are the reactions in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product. In displacement redox reactions, substances on both sides of the equation remain the same but the atoms exchange places in order to form the product while in decomposition reaction, one compound decomposes to form one or more product.

A limiting reagent is the one that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction. The amount of product formed in any chemical reaction has to be in accordance with the limiting reagent of the reaction. The amount of product depends on the amount of limiting reagent since the product formation is not possible in the absence of it.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.116P

The reactant present in excess when 2.22 g of magnesium is heated to 3.75 g of nitrogen is N2.

Explanation of Solution

Magnesium reacts with nitrogen molecule to form magnesium nitride (Mg3N2). The balanced chemical equation of the redox reaction is:

3Mg(s)+N2(g)Mg3N2(s)

Three moles of Mg combine with one mole of N2 to give two moles of Mg3N2.

The molecular mass of Mg is 24.31g/mol.

The formula to calculate moles of Mg3N2 when Mg is limiting reagent is:

MolesofMg3N2=[(mass ofMg(g)molecular massofMg(g/mol))(1molMg3N23molMg)]              (1)

Substitute 2.22 g for mass of Mg and 24.31g/mol for molecular mass of Mg in the equation (1).

MolesofMg3N2=[(2.22 g24.31g/mol)(1molMg3N23molMg)]=[(0.10037mol)(1molMg3N23molMg)]=0.030440mol

The molecular mass of N2 is 28.02g/mol.

The formula to calculate moles of Mg3N2 when N2 is limiting reagent is:

MolesofMg3N2=[(mass ofN2(g)molecular massofN2(g/mol))(1molMg3N21molN2)]               (2)

Substitute 3.75 g for the mass of N2 and 28.02g/mol for molecular mass of N2 in the equation (2).

MolesofMg3N2=[(3.75 g28.02g/mol)(1molMg3N21molN2)]=[(0.133832mol)(1molMg3N21molN2)]=0.13383mol

Mg is limiting reagent in the reaction as the moles of Mg3N2 produced is less in this case as compared to when N2 is the limiting agent.

The reactant present in an excess concentration in the reaction is N2.

Conclusion

The reactant present in excess when 2.22 g of magnesium is heated to 3.75 g of nitrogen is N2.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The moles of product formed when 2.22 g of magnesium is heated to 3.75 g of nitrogen

 is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The redox reaction can be classified into three types depending upon the number of reactants and products as follows:

1. Combination redox reaction

2. Decomposition redox reaction

3. Displacement redox reactions

Combination redox reactions are the reactions in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product. In displacement redox reactions, substances on both sides of the equation remain the same but the atoms exchange places in order to form the product while in decomposition reaction, one compound decomposes to form one or more product.

A limiting reagent is the one that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction. The amount of product formed in any chemical reaction has to be in accordance with the limiting reagent of the reaction. The amount of product depends on the amount of limiting reagent since the product formation is not possible in the absence of it.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.116P

The moles of product formed when 2.22 g of magnesium is heated to 3.75 g of nitrogen is 0.030440mol.

Explanation of Solution

Magnesium reacts with nitrogen molecule to form magnesium nitride (Mg2N3). The balanced chemical equation of the redox reaction is:

3Mg(s)+N2(g)Mg3N2(s)

Magnesium is the limiting agent in the reaction.

Three moles of Mg combine with one mole of N2 to give two mole of Mg3N2.

The molecular mass of Mg is 24.31g/mol.

The formula to calculate moles of Mg3N2 when Mg is limiting reagent is:

MolesofMg3N2=[(mass ofMg(g)molecular massofMg(g/mol))(1molMg3N23molMg)]              (1)

Substitute 2.22 g for the mass of Mg and 24.31g/mol for molecular mass of Mg in the equation (1).

MolesofMg3N2=[(2.22 g24.31g/mol)(1molMg3N23molMg)]=[(0.10037mol)(1molMg3N23molMg)]=0.030440mol

Conclusion

The moles of product formed when 2.22 g of magnesium is heated to 3.75 g of nitrogen is 0.030440mol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mass of each reactant and product after the reaction is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

The redox reaction can be classified into three types depending upon the number of reactants and products as follows:

1. Combination redox reaction

2. Decomposition redox reaction

3. Displacement redox reactions

Combination redox reactions are the reactions in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product. In displacement redox reactions, substances on both sides of the equation remain the same but the atoms exchange places in order to form the product while in decomposition reaction, one compound decomposes to form one or more product.

A limiting reagent is the one that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction. The amount of product formed in any chemical reaction has to be in accordance with the limiting reagent of the reaction. The amount of product depends on the amount of limiting reagent since the product formation is not possible in the absence of it.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.116P

The mass of Mg, N2 and Mg3N2 after the reaction are 0, 2.90g and 3.07g respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Magnesium is the limiting agent in the reaction. Hence, no moles of magnesium will be left after the completion of the reaction.

The molecular mass of Mg3N2 is 100.95g/mol.

The formula to calculate the mass of Mg3N2 is:

MassofMg3N2=[(moles ofMg3N2(mol))(molecularmassofMg3N2(g/mol))]                                     (3)

Substitute 0.030440mol for moles of Mg3N2 and 100.95g/mol for molecular mass of Mg3N2 in the equation (3).

MassofMg3N2=[(0.030440moll)(100.95g/mol)]=3.07292g3.07g

The formula to calculate the mass of N2 reacted is:

MassofN2reacted=[(mass ofMg(g)molecularmassofMg(g/mol))(1molN23molMg)molecularmassofN2(g/mol)]                 (4)

Substitute 2.22 g for the mass of Mg, 24.31g/mol for molecular mass of Mg and 28.02g/mol for molecular mass of N2 in the equation (4).

MassofN2reacted=[(2.22 g24.31g/mol)(1molN23molMg)(28.02g/mol)]=0.852933g

The formula to calculate the mass of remaining N2 is:

Remaining N2=(Initial amount ofN2)(Reacted amount ofN2) (5)

Substitute 3.75 g for the initial mass of N2 and 0.852933g for the reacted mass of N2 in the equation (5).

Remaining N2=(3.75 g)(0.852933g)=2.897067g2.90g

Conclusion

The mass of Mg, N2 and Mg3N2 after the reaction are 0, 2.90g and 3.07g respectively.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

Ch. 4.1 - A chemist dilutes 60.0 mL of 4.50 M potassium...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.6BFPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.7AFPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.7BFPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.8AFPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.8BFPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.9AFPCh. 4.3 - Molecular views of the reactant solutions for a...Ch. 4.3 - It is desirable to remove calcium ion from hard...Ch. 4.3 - To lift fingerprints from a crime scene, a...Ch. 4.3 - Despite the toxicity of lead, many of its...Ch. 4.3 - Mercury and its compounds have uses from fillings...Ch. 4.4 - How many OH−(aq) ions are present in 451 mL of...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.12BFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.13AFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.13BFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.14AFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.14BFPCh. 4.4 - Another active ingredient in some antacids is...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.15BFPCh. 4.4 - What volume of 0.1292 M Ba(OH)2 would neutralize...Ch. 4.4 - Calculate the molarity of a solution of KOH if...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.17AFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.17BFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.18AFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.18BFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.19AFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.19BFPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.20AFPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.20BFPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - What types of substances are most likely to be...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - Which of the following scenes best represents how...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10PCh. 4 - A mathematical equation useful for dilution...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4 - Does an aqueous solution of each of the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Calculate each of the following quantities: Mass...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Calculate each of the following quantities: Volume...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.30PCh. 4 - Concentrated sulfuric acid (18.3 M) has a density...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Muriatic acid, an industrial grade of concentrated...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4 - Write two sets of equations (both molecular and...Ch. 4 - Why do some pairs of ions precipitate and others...Ch. 4 - Use Table 4.1 to determine which of the following...Ch. 4 - The beakers represent the aqueous reaction of...Ch. 4 - Complete the following precipitation reactions...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.42PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - If 25.0 mL of silver nitrate solution reacts with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50PCh. 4 - With ions shown as spheres and solvent molecules...Ch. 4 - The precipitation reaction between 25.0 mL of a...Ch. 4 - A 1.50-g sample of an unknown alkali-metal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - The mass percent of Cl− in a seawater sample is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.56PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Write a general equation for a neutralization...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.59PCh. 4 - (a) Name three common weak acids. (b) Name one...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.61PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.62PCh. 4 - How many moles of H+ ions are present in each of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.64PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.65PCh. 4 - Complete the following acid-base reactions with...Ch. 4 - Limestone (calcium carbonate) is insoluble in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.68PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69PCh. 4 - How many grams of NaH2PO4 are needed to react with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.71PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.74PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.75PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4 - A mixture of bases can sometimes be the active...Ch. 4 - Describe how to determine the oxidation number of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80PCh. 4 - Why must every redox reaction involve an oxidizing...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.82PCh. 4 - Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of carbon in each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.85PCh. 4 - Give the oxidation number of nitrogen in each of...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88PCh. 4 - Give the oxidation number of phosphorus in each of...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of manganese in each of...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of chromium in each of...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - The active agent in many hair bleaches is hydrogen...Ch. 4 - A person’s blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be...Ch. 4 - Which type of redox reaction leads to each of the...Ch. 4 - Why do decomposition redox reactions typically...Ch. 4 - Which of the types of reactions discussed in...Ch. 4 - Are all combustion reactions redox reactions?...Ch. 4 - Give one example of a combination reaction that is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.103PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.104PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.105PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.106PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.107PCh. 4 - Predict the product(s) and write a balanced...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.109PCh. 4 - Predict the product(s) and write a balanced...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.111PCh. 4 - Predict the product(s) and write a balanced...Ch. 4 - How many grams of O2 can be prepared from the...Ch. 4 - How many grams of chlorine gas can be produced...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.115PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.116PCh. 4 - A mixture of KClO3 and KCl with a mass of 0.950 g...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.118PCh. 4 - Before arc welding was developed, a displacement...Ch. 4 - Iron reacts rapidly with chlorine gas to form a...Ch. 4 - A sample of impure magnesium was analyzed by...Ch. 4 - Why is the equilibrium state said to be...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.123PCh. 4 - Describe what happens on the molecular level when...Ch. 4 - When either a mixture of NO and Br2 or pure...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.126PCh. 4 - Nutritional biochemists have known for decades...Ch. 4 - Limestone (CaCO3) is used to remove acidic...Ch. 4 - The brewing industry uses yeast to convert glucose...Ch. 4 - A chemical engineer determines the mass percent of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.131PCh. 4 - You are given solutions of HCl and NaOH and must...Ch. 4 - The flask represents the products of the titration...Ch. 4 - To find the mass percent of dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]...Ch. 4 - On a lab exam, you have to find the concentrations...Ch. 4 - Nitric acid, a major industrial and laboratory...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.137PCh. 4 - In 1995, Mario Molina, Paul Crutzen, and F....Ch. 4 - Sodium peroxide (Na2O2) is often used in...Ch. 4 - A student forgets to weigh a mixture of sodium...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.141PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.142PCh. 4 - Physicians who specialize in sports medicine...Ch. 4 - Thyroxine (C15H11I4NO4) is a hormone synthesized...Ch. 4 - Over time, as their free fatty acid (FFA) content...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.146PCh. 4 - Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Ca(H2PO4)2, and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.148PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.149PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.150PCh. 4 - In 1997 and 2009, at United Nations conferences on...Ch. 4 - In a car engine, gasoline (represented by C8H18)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.153PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.154PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.155PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.156PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.157P
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