Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259631757
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.12P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The solution that has the highest molarity is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molarity (M) is one of the concentration terms that determine the number of moles of solute present in per litre of solution. Unit of molarity is mol/L.

The expression to calculate the molarity of solution when moles of solute and volume of solution are given is as follows:

  Molarity of solution(M)=moles of solute(mol)volume of solution(L)

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.12P

The solution in beaker B has the highest molarity.

Explanation of Solution

Consider the particles present in the beaker as moles of solute.

The formula to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker is as follows:

  Molarity of solution(M)=number of molesvolume of solution        (1)

Substitute 8mol for number of moles and 50.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker A.

  Molarity of solution=8mol50.00mL(1000mL1L)=160mol/L

Substitute 12mol for number of moles and 50.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker B.

  Molarity of solution=12mol50.00mL(1000mL1L)=60000mol/L

Substitute 4mol for number of moles and 50.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker C.

  Molarity of solution=4mol50.00mL(1000mL1L)=80mol/L

Substitute 4mol for number of moles and 50.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker D.

  Molarity of solution=4mol50.00mL(1000mL1L)=80mol/L

Substitute 2mol for number of moles and 25.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker E.

  Molarity of solution=2mol25.00mL(1000mL1L)=80mol/L

Substitute 4mol for number of moles and 25.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker F.

  Molarity of solution=4mol25.00mL(1000mL1L)=160mol/L.

Hence, the solution in beaker B has the highest molarity.

Conclusion

Molarity (M) is directly proportional to number of moles and inversely related to the volume of solution.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The solutions that have the same molarity are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molarity (M) is one of the concentration terms that determine the number of moles of solute present in per litre of solution. Unit of molarity is mol/L.

The expression to calculate the molarity of solution when moles of solute and volume of solution are given is as follows:

  Molarity of solution(M)=moles of solute(mol)volume of solution(L)

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.12P

The solution in beaker A and F has the same molarity and solution in beaker C, D and E have the same molarity.

Explanation of Solution

Consider the particles present in the beaker as moles of solute.

The formula to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker is as follows:

  Molarity of solution(M)=number of molesvolume of solution        (1)

Substitute 8mol for number of moles and 50.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker A.

  Molarity of solution=8mol50.00mL(1000mL1L)=160mol/L

Substitute 12mol for number of moles and 50.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker B.

  Molarity of solution=12mol50.00mL(1000mL1L)=60000mol/L

Substitute 4mol for number of moles and 50.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker C.

  Molarity of solution=4mol50.00mL(1000mL1L)=80mol/L

Substitute 4mol for number of moles and 50.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker D.

  Molarity of solution=4mol50.00mL(1000mL1L)=80mol/L

Substitute 2mol for number of moles and 25.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker E.

  Molarity of solution=2mol25.00mL(1000mL1L)=80mol/L

Substitute 4mol for number of moles and 25.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker F.

  Molarity of solution=4mol25.00mL(1000mL1L)=160mol/L.

The solution in beaker A and F has the same molarity and the value of molarity is 160mol/L. The solution in beaker C, D and E has the same molarity and the value of molarity is 80mol/L.

Conclusion

Molarity (M) is directly proportional to number of moles and inversely related to the volume of solution.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the mixture of solution A and C have a higher, a lower, or the same molarity as solution B is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molarity (M) is one of the concentration terms that determine the number of moles of solute present in per litre of solution. Unit of molarity is mol/L.

The expression to calculate the molarity of solution when moles of solute and volume of solution are given is as follows:

  Molarity of solution(M)=moles of solute(mol)volume of solution(L)

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.12P

The mixture of solution A and C has a lower molarity as compared to solution B.

Explanation of Solution

The number of moles in solution A is 8mol and number of moles in solution C is 4mol. Therefore the total number of moles in the mixture of A and C is 12mol.

The formula to calculate the total volume is as follows:

  Total volume=VA+VC        (2)

Substitute 50.00mL for VA and 50.00mL for VC in the equation (2).

  Total volume=50.00mL+50.00mL=100.00mL

Substitute 12mol for number of moles and 100.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of mixture of solution A and C.

  Molarity of solution=12mol100.00mL(1000mL1L)=120mol/L.

The mixture of solution A and C has lower molarity as compared to solution B.

Conclusion

Molarity (M) is directly proportional to number of moles and inversely related to the volume of solution. The new moles and volume is calculated by the summation of the volumes and moles of the solution that are mixed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the molarity when 50 mL of water is added to solution D is higher, lower, or the same as the molarity of solution F after 75 mL is added to it is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Molarity (M) is one of the concentration terms that determine the number of moles of solute present in per litre of solution. Unit of molarity is mol/L.

The expression to calculate the molarity of solution when moles of solute and volume of solution are given is as follows:

  Molarity of solution(M)=moles of solute(mol)volume of solution(L)

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.12P

The molarity when 50 mL of water is added to solution D is same as the molarity of solution F after 75 mL is added to it.

Explanation of Solution

The volume of solution D is 50.00mL. The new volume of solution D is calculated as follows:

  New volume ofsolution D=50.00mL+50.00mL=100.00mL

The volume of solution F is 25.00mL. The new volume of solution F is calculated as follows:

  New volume ofsolution F=25.00mL+75.00mL=100.00mL

Substitute 4mol for number of moles and 100.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of new solution in beaker D.

  Molarity of solution=4mol100.00mL(1000mL1L)=40mol/L

Substitute 4mol for number of moles and 100.00mL for volume of solution in the equation (1) to calculate the molarity of new solution in beaker F.

  Molarity of solution=4mol100.00mL(1000mL1L)=40mol/L.

The molarity of solution D is same as the molarity of solution F.

Conclusion

Molarity (M) is directly proportional to number of moles and inversely related to the volume of solution.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The solvent must be evaporated from solution E for it to have the same molarity as solution A is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molarity (M) is one of the concentration terms that determine the number of moles of solute present in per litre of solution. Unit of molarity is mol/L.

The expression to calculate the molarity of solution when moles of solute and volume of solution are given is as follows:

  Molarity of solution(M)=moles of solute(mol)volume of solution(L)

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.12P

12.5mL of solvent must be evaporated from solution E for it to have the same molarity as solution A.

Explanation of Solution

The molarity of solution E should be equal to solution A. Therefore the molarity os solution should be 160mol/L.

The formula to calculate the molarity of solution in beaker is as follows:

  Molarity of solution(M)=number of molesvolume of solution        (3)

Rearrange the equation (3) to calculate the volume of solution evaporated.

  Volume of solution=number of molesMolarity of solution        (4)

Substitute 2mol for number of moles and 160mol/L for molarity of solution in the equation (4) to calculate the volume of solution.

Volume of solution=2mol160mol/L(1000mL1L)=12.5mL.

Therefore to get the same molarity as of the solution A, 2mol should be present in 12.5mL. Hence, 12.5mL of solvent must be evaporated from solution E.

Conclusion

Molarity (M) is directly proportional to number of moles and inversely related to the volume of solution.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

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