Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259631757
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.156P

(1)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced and net ionic equation when copper metal reacts with aqueous bromine to produce a green-blue solution is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

The molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction, the useful ions that participate in the reaction are represented.

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as a precipitate.

A redox reaction is a type of reaction that involves the change in oxidation number of a molecule, atom or ion changes due to the transfer of an electron from one species to another.

The redox reaction can be classified into three types depending upon the number of reactants and products as follows:

1. Combination redox reaction

2. Decomposition redox reaction

3. Displacement redox reactions

(1)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.156P

The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

Cu(s)+Br2(aq)CuBr2(aq)

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu(s)+Br2(aq)Cu2+(aq)+2Br(aq)

Explanation of Solution

Copper reacts with bromine molecule to form copper bromide (CuBr2). This reaction is an example of combination reaction. The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

Cu(s)+Br2(aq)CuBr2(aq)

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu(s)+Br2(aq)Cu2+(aq)+2Br(aq)

Conclusion

The reaction that involves the combination of reactant to form the product is known as a combination reaction. Cu combine with Br2 to form CuBr2 therefore it is a combination reaction.

(2)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced and net ionic equation when aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to copper bromide to form a blue precipitate is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

The molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction, the useful ions that participate in the reaction are represented.

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as a precipitate.

A redox reaction is a type of reaction that involves the change in oxidation number of a molecule, atom or ion changes due to the transfer of an electron from one species to another.

The redox reaction can be classified into three types depending upon the number of reactants and products as follows:

1. Combination redox reaction

2. Decomposition redox reaction

3. Displacement redox reactions

(2)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.156P

The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

CuBr2(aq)+2NaOH(aq)Cu(OH)2(s)+2NaBr(aq)

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu2+(aq)+2OH(aq)Cu(OH)2(s)

Explanation of Solution

Copper bromide reacts with aqueous bromide to form copper hydroxide. According to the solubility rules, all the common hydroxide are insoluble so the reaction is the precipitation reaction. The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

CuBr2(aq)+2NaOH(aq)Cu(OH)2(s)+2NaBr(aq)

The total ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu2+(aq)+2Br(aq)+2Na+(aq)+2OH(aq)Cu(OH)2(s)+2Na+(aq)+2Br(aq)

Na+ and Br are the spectator ions that are present in the reaction mixture. Spectator ions are not present in the net ionic equation.

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu2+(aq)+2OH(aq)Cu(OH)2(s)

Conclusion

Cu(OH)2 is the solid insoluble substance that is formed in the reaction. Na+ and Br are the spectator ions that are present in the reaction mixture. These ions are present in total ionic equation but are absent in net ionic equation.

(3)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced and net ionic equation when copper hydroxide precipitate is heated to form black product is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

Molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction the useful ions that participate in reaction are represented.

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as precipitate.

A redox reaction is a type of reaction that involves the change in oxidation number of a molecule, atom or ion changes due to the transfer of an electron from one species to another.

The redox reaction can be classified into three types depending upon the number of reactants and products as follows:

1. Combination redox reaction

2. Decomposition redox reaction

3. Displacement redox reactions

(3)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.156P

The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

Cu(OH)2(s)CuO(s)+H2O(l)

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu(OH)2(s)CuO(s)+H2O(l)

Explanation of Solution

Copper hydroxide decomposes to form copper oxide and water. Copper oxide forms black precipitate and this reaction is an example of decomposition reaction. The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

Cu(OH)2(s)CuO(s)+H2O(l)

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu(OH)2(s)CuO(s)+H2O(l)

Conclusion

The reaction that involves the decomposition of the compound to form the product is known as a decomposition reaction. Cu(OH)2 breaks to form CuO and H2O molecule, therefore, it is a decomposition reaction.

(4)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced and net ionic equation when is CuO dissolves in nitric acid to give a blue solution is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

Molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction the useful ions that participate in reaction are represented.

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as precipitate.

A redox reaction is a type of reaction that involves the change in oxidation number of a molecule, atom or ion changes due to the transfer of an electron from one species to another.

The redox reaction can be classified into three types depending upon the number of reactants and products as follows:

1. Combination redox reaction

2. Decomposition redox reaction

3. Displacement redox reactions

(4)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.156P

The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

CuO(s)+2HNO3(aq)Cu(NO3)2(aq)+H2O(l)

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

CuO(s)+2H+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+H2O(l)

Explanation of Solution

Copper oxide (CuO) reacts with nitric acid to form copper nitrate and water molecule. This reaction is an example of acid-base reaction. The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

CuO(s)+2HNO3(aq)Cu(NO3)2(aq)+H2O(l)

The total ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

CuO(s)+2H+(aq)+2NO3(aq)Cu2+(aq)+2NO3(aq)+H2O(l)

NO3 is the spectator ions that is present in the reaction mixture. Spectator ions are not present in the net ionic equation.

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

CuO(s)+2H+(aq)Cu2+(aq)+H2O(l)

Conclusion

CuO is a base and HNO3 is an acid and both react to form copper nitrate and water. Therefore, this reaction is an example of acid-base reaction.

(5)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced and net ionic equation when aqueous sodium phosphate is added to copper nitrate to form a green precipitate is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

Molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction the useful ions that participate in reaction are represented.

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as precipitate.

A redox reaction is a type of reaction that involves the change in oxidation number of a molecule, atom or ion changes due to the transfer of an electron from one species to another.

The redox reaction can be classified into three types depending upon the number of reactants and products as follows:

1. Combination redox reaction

2. Decomposition redox reaction

3. Displacement redox reactions

(5)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.156P

The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

3Cu(NO3)2(aq)+2Na3PO4(aq)Cu3(PO4)2(s)+6NaNO3(aq)

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

3Cu2+(aq)+2PO43(aq)Cu3(PO4)2(s)

Explanation of Solution

Copper nitrate reacts with aqueous sodium phosphate to form copper phosphate and sodium nitrate. According to the solubility rules, all the common phosphate are insoluble so the reaction is the precipitation reaction. The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

3Cu(NO3)2(aq)+2Na3PO4(aq)Cu3(PO4)2(s)+6NaNO3(aq)

The total ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

3Cu2+(aq)+6NO3(aq)+6Na+(aq)+2PO43(aq)Cu3(PO4)2(s)+6Na+(aq)+6NO3(aq)

Na+ and NO3 are the spectator ions that are present in the reaction mixture. Spectator ions are not present in the net ionic equation.

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

3Cu2+(aq)+2PO43(aq)Cu3(PO4)2(s)

Conclusion

Cu3(PO4)2 is the solid insoluble substance that is formed in the reaction. Na+ and NO3 are the spectator ions that are present in the reaction mixture. These ions are present in total ionic equation but are absent in net ionic equation.

(6)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced and net ionic equation when copper phosphate forms a blue solution in sulfuric acid is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

Molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction the useful ions that participate in reaction are represented.

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as precipitate.

A redox reaction is a type of reaction that involves the change in oxidation number of a molecule, atom or ion changes due to the transfer of an electron from one species to another.

The redox reaction can be classified into three types depending upon the number of reactants and products as follows:

1. Combination redox reaction

2. Decomposition redox reaction

3. Displacement redox reactions

(6)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.156P

The chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

Cu3(PO4)2(s)+3H2SO4(aq)3CuSO4(aq)+2H3PO4(aq)

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu3(PO4)2(s)+6H+(aq)3Cu2+(aq)+2H3PO4(aq)

Explanation of Solution

Copper phosphate reacts with sulfuric acid to form copper sulfate and phosphoric acid. The chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

Cu3(PO4)2(s)+3H2SO4(aq)3CuSO4(aq)+2H3PO4(aq)

The total ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu3(PO4)2(s)+6H+(aq)+3SO42(aq)3Cu2+(aq)+3SO42(aq)+2H3PO4(aq)

SO42 is the spectator ions that is present in the reaction mixture. Spectator ions are not present in the net ionic equation.

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu3(PO4)2(s)+6H+(aq)3Cu2+(aq)+2H3PO4(aq)

Conclusion

Copper phosphate (Cu3(PO4)2) reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form copper sulfate and phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Copper displaces hydrogen ions from sulfuric acid to form copper sulphate.

(7)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced and net ionic equation when zinc is added to the blue solution to recover copper is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

There are three types of equations that are utilized to represent an ionic reaction:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

Molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic reaction, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction the useful ions that participate in reaction are represented.

Precipitation reaction involves the reaction of two soluble ionic compounds to form an insoluble product. The insoluble product is known as precipitate.

A redox reaction is a type of reaction that involves the change in oxidation number of a molecule, atom or ion changes due to the transfer of an electron from one species to another.

The redox reaction can be classified into three types depending upon the number of reactants and products as follows:

1. Combination redox reaction

2. Decomposition redox reaction

3. Displacement redox reactions

(7)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.156P

The total ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu2+(aq)+SO42(aq)+Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)+SO42(aq)+Cu(s)

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu2+(aq)+Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)+Cu(s)

Explanation of Solution

Zinc displaces copper from copper sulfate from and form zinc sulphate and copper. this reaction is an example of displacement reaction. The chemical equation of the reaction is as follows:

CuSO4(aq)+Zn(s)ZnSO4(aq)+Cu(s)

The total ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu2+(aq)+SO42(aq)+Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)+SO42(aq)+Cu(s)

SO42 is the spectator ions that is present in the reaction mixture. Spectator ions are not present in the net ionic equation.

The net ionic equation for the given reaction is as follows:

Cu2+(aq)+Zn(s)Zn2+(aq)+Cu(s)

Conclusion

The reaction that involves the displacement of an atom by another atom is known as displacement reaction. Zinc replaces copper atom from copper sulfate, therefore, it is a displacement reaction.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

Ch. 4.1 - A chemist dilutes 60.0 mL of 4.50 M potassium...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.6BFPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.7AFPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.7BFPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.8AFPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.8BFPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.9AFPCh. 4.3 - Molecular views of the reactant solutions for a...Ch. 4.3 - It is desirable to remove calcium ion from hard...Ch. 4.3 - To lift fingerprints from a crime scene, a...Ch. 4.3 - Despite the toxicity of lead, many of its...Ch. 4.3 - Mercury and its compounds have uses from fillings...Ch. 4.4 - How many OH−(aq) ions are present in 451 mL of...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.12BFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.13AFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.13BFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.14AFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.14BFPCh. 4.4 - Another active ingredient in some antacids is...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.15BFPCh. 4.4 - What volume of 0.1292 M Ba(OH)2 would neutralize...Ch. 4.4 - Calculate the molarity of a solution of KOH if...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.17AFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.17BFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.18AFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.18BFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.19AFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.19BFPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.20AFPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.20BFPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - What types of substances are most likely to be...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - Which of the following scenes best represents how...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10PCh. 4 - A mathematical equation useful for dilution...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4 - Does an aqueous solution of each of the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Calculate each of the following quantities: Mass...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Calculate each of the following quantities: Volume...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.30PCh. 4 - Concentrated sulfuric acid (18.3 M) has a density...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Muriatic acid, an industrial grade of concentrated...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4 - Write two sets of equations (both molecular and...Ch. 4 - Why do some pairs of ions precipitate and others...Ch. 4 - Use Table 4.1 to determine which of the following...Ch. 4 - The beakers represent the aqueous reaction of...Ch. 4 - Complete the following precipitation reactions...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.42PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - If 25.0 mL of silver nitrate solution reacts with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50PCh. 4 - With ions shown as spheres and solvent molecules...Ch. 4 - The precipitation reaction between 25.0 mL of a...Ch. 4 - A 1.50-g sample of an unknown alkali-metal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - The mass percent of Cl− in a seawater sample is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.56PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Write a general equation for a neutralization...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.59PCh. 4 - (a) Name three common weak acids. (b) Name one...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.61PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.62PCh. 4 - How many moles of H+ ions are present in each of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.64PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.65PCh. 4 - Complete the following acid-base reactions with...Ch. 4 - Limestone (calcium carbonate) is insoluble in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.68PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69PCh. 4 - How many grams of NaH2PO4 are needed to react with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.71PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.74PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.75PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4 - A mixture of bases can sometimes be the active...Ch. 4 - Describe how to determine the oxidation number of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80PCh. 4 - Why must every redox reaction involve an oxidizing...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.82PCh. 4 - Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of carbon in each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.85PCh. 4 - Give the oxidation number of nitrogen in each of...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88PCh. 4 - Give the oxidation number of phosphorus in each of...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of manganese in each of...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of chromium in each of...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - The active agent in many hair bleaches is hydrogen...Ch. 4 - A person’s blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be...Ch. 4 - Which type of redox reaction leads to each of the...Ch. 4 - Why do decomposition redox reactions typically...Ch. 4 - Which of the types of reactions discussed in...Ch. 4 - Are all combustion reactions redox reactions?...Ch. 4 - Give one example of a combination reaction that is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.103PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.104PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.105PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.106PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.107PCh. 4 - Predict the product(s) and write a balanced...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.109PCh. 4 - Predict the product(s) and write a balanced...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.111PCh. 4 - Predict the product(s) and write a balanced...Ch. 4 - How many grams of O2 can be prepared from the...Ch. 4 - How many grams of chlorine gas can be produced...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.115PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.116PCh. 4 - A mixture of KClO3 and KCl with a mass of 0.950 g...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.118PCh. 4 - Before arc welding was developed, a displacement...Ch. 4 - Iron reacts rapidly with chlorine gas to form a...Ch. 4 - A sample of impure magnesium was analyzed by...Ch. 4 - Why is the equilibrium state said to be...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.123PCh. 4 - Describe what happens on the molecular level when...Ch. 4 - When either a mixture of NO and Br2 or pure...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.126PCh. 4 - Nutritional biochemists have known for decades...Ch. 4 - Limestone (CaCO3) is used to remove acidic...Ch. 4 - The brewing industry uses yeast to convert glucose...Ch. 4 - A chemical engineer determines the mass percent of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.131PCh. 4 - You are given solutions of HCl and NaOH and must...Ch. 4 - The flask represents the products of the titration...Ch. 4 - To find the mass percent of dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]...Ch. 4 - On a lab exam, you have to find the concentrations...Ch. 4 - Nitric acid, a major industrial and laboratory...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.137PCh. 4 - In 1995, Mario Molina, Paul Crutzen, and F....Ch. 4 - Sodium peroxide (Na2O2) is often used in...Ch. 4 - A student forgets to weigh a mixture of sodium...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.141PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.142PCh. 4 - Physicians who specialize in sports medicine...Ch. 4 - Thyroxine (C15H11I4NO4) is a hormone synthesized...Ch. 4 - Over time, as their free fatty acid (FFA) content...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.146PCh. 4 - Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Ca(H2PO4)2, and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.148PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.149PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.150PCh. 4 - In 1997 and 2009, at United Nations conferences on...Ch. 4 - In a car engine, gasoline (represented by C8H18)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.153PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.154PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.155PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.156PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.157P
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