Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259631757
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4.1, Problem 4.2BFP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Amount of each ion produced when 4mol of lithium carbonate is dissolved in water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is a combination of two parts: solute and solvent. A solute is the substance that is present in small quantity and solvent is the substance in which solute is dissolved. When water acts as a solvent then it is known as an aqueous solution.

Ionic compounds are the compounds that are composed of charged ions. They are held together by electrostatic forces. These compounds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is an example of an ionic compound and dissociates into ions when dissolved in water. The dissociation reaction of Li2CO3 is:

Li2CO3(s)2Li+(aq)+CO32(aq)

The expression to calculate the amount of ions in moles is as follows:

amountofion(mol)=(moles of compound(mol))(moles of ion(mol)1mole of compound)

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.2BFP

4mol of lithium carbonate gives 8mol of Li+ ions and 4mol of CO32 ions.

Explanation of Solution

One mole of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) on dissociation produces two moles of Li+ ion and one mole of CO32 ion.

The expression to calculate the amount of Li+ ion in moles is as follows:

amountofLi+(mol)=(moles of Li2CO3(mol))(moles of Li+ion(mol)1mole of Li2CO3)

Substitute 4mol for moles of Li2CO3 and 2 mol for moles of Li+ ion in the above equation as follows:

amountofLi+(mol)=(4 mol)(2 mol1mole of Li2CO3)=8mol

The expression to calculate the amount of CO32 ion in moles is as follows:

amountofCO32(mol)=(moles of Li2CO3(mol))(moles of CO32ion(mol)1mole of Li2CO3)

Substitute 4mol for moles of Li2CO3 and 1 mol for moles of CO32 ion in the above equation as follows:

amountofCO32(mol)=(4 mol)(1 mol1mole of Li2CO3)=4mol

Conclusion

One mole of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) on dissociation produces two moles of Li+ ion and one mole of CO32 ion and 4mol of lithium carbonate gives 8mol of Li+ ions and 4mol of CO32 ions.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Amount of each ion produced when 112g of iron(III)sulphate is dissolved in water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is a combination of two parts: solute and solvent. A Solute is the substance that is present in small quantity and solvent is the substance in which solute is dissolved. When water acts as a solvent then it is known as an aqueous solution.

Ionic compounds are the compounds that are composed of charged ions. They are held together by electrostatic forces. These compounds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. Iron(III)sulphate(Fe2(SO4)3) is an example of an ionic compound and dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. The dissociation reaction of Fe2(SO4)3 is:

Fe2(SO4)3(s)2Fe3+(aq)+3SO42(aq)

The expression to calculate the moles of the compound is as follows:

moles of compound(mol)=[(given mass of compound(g))(1 mole of compoundmolecular mass of compound(g))]

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.2BFP

112g of Iron(III)sulphate gives 0.56mol of Fe3+ ion and 0.84mol of SO42 ion.

Explanation of Solution

One mole of iron(III)sulphate(Fe2(SO4)3) on dissociation produces two moles of Fe3+ ion and three moles of SO42 ion.

The molecular mass of Fe2(SO4)3 is 399.88g.

The expression to calculate the moles of Fe2(SO4)3 in moles is as follows:

moles of Fe2(SO4)3(mol)=[(given mass of Fe2(SO4)3(g))(1 mole of Fe2(SO4)3molecular mass of Fe2(SO4)3(g))]

Substitute 112g for the given mass of Fe2(SO4)3 and 399.88g for the molecular mass of Fe2(SO4)3 ion in the above equation as follows:

moles of Fe2(SO4)3(mol)=(112g)(1 mole of Mg(C2H3O2)2399.88gg)=0.2801mol0.28mol

Hence, 112g of Fe2(SO4)3 on dissociation produces double of moles of Fe2(SO4)3 that is 0.56mol of Fe3+ ion and thrice of moles of Fe2(SO4)3 that is 0.84mol of SO42 ion.

Conclusion

112g of Iron(III)sulphate gives 0.56mol of Fe3+ ion and 0.84mol of SO42 ion.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Amount of each ion produced when 8.09×1022 formula unit of aluminium nitrate is dissolved in water is to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

A solution is a combination of two parts: solute and solvent. A solute is the substance that is present in small quantity and solvent is the substance in which solute is dissolved. When water acts as a solvent then it is known as an aqueous solution.

Ionic compounds are the compounds that are composed of charged ions. They are held together by electrostatic forces. These compounds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. Aluminium nitrate (Al(NO3)3) is an example of an ionic compound and dissociates into ions when dissolved in water. The dissociation reaction of Al(NO3)3 is:

Al(NO3)3(s)Al3+(aq)+3NO3(aq)

A formula unit is used for the ionic compound to represent their empirical formula. The expression to calculate the moles of the compound is as follows:

moles of compound(mol)=[(given formula unit of compound(FU))(1 mole of compound6.022×1023FU)]

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 4.2BFP

8.09×1022 formula unit of aluminium nitrate gives 0.134mol of Al3+ ion and 0.403mol of NO3 ion.

Explanation of Solution

One mole of aluminium nitrate (Al(NO3)3) on dissociation produces one mole of Al3+ ion and three mole of NO3 ion.

The expression to calculate the moles of compound in moles is as follows:

moles of Al(NO3)3(mol)=[(given formula unit of Al(NO3)3(FU))(1 mole of Al(NO3)36.022×1023FU)]

Substitute 8.09×1022FU formula unit for given formula unit of Al(NO3)3 in the above equation as follows:

moles of Al(NO3)3(mol)=(8.09×1022FU)(1 mole of Al(NO3)36.022×1023FU)=0.1343mol0.134mol

Hence, 8.09×1022FU of Al(NO3)3 on dissociation produces 0.134mol of Al3+ ion and thrice of that number of NO3 ion that is 0.403mol.

Conclusion

8.09×1022FU of Al(NO3)3 on dissociation produces 0.134mol of Al3+ ion and thrice of that number of NO3 ion that is 0.403mol.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

Ch. 4.1 - A chemist dilutes 60.0 mL of 4.50 M potassium...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.6BFPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.7AFPCh. 4.1 - Prob. 4.7BFPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.8AFPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.8BFPCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.9AFPCh. 4.3 - Molecular views of the reactant solutions for a...Ch. 4.3 - It is desirable to remove calcium ion from hard...Ch. 4.3 - To lift fingerprints from a crime scene, a...Ch. 4.3 - Despite the toxicity of lead, many of its...Ch. 4.3 - Mercury and its compounds have uses from fillings...Ch. 4.4 - How many OH−(aq) ions are present in 451 mL of...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.12BFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.13AFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.13BFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.14AFPCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.14BFPCh. 4.4 - Another active ingredient in some antacids is...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.15BFPCh. 4.4 - What volume of 0.1292 M Ba(OH)2 would neutralize...Ch. 4.4 - Calculate the molarity of a solution of KOH if...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.17AFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.17BFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.18AFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.18BFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.19AFPCh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.19BFPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.20AFPCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.20BFPCh. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - What types of substances are most likely to be...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.4PCh. 4 - Which of the following scenes best represents how...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.6PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.9PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.10PCh. 4 - A mathematical equation useful for dilution...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.13PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.15PCh. 4 - Does an aqueous solution of each of the following...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.18PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.19PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.20PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.21PCh. 4 - Calculate each of the following quantities: Mass...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.23PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.24PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.25PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.26PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4 - Calculate each of the following quantities: Volume...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.30PCh. 4 - Concentrated sulfuric acid (18.3 M) has a density...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4 - Muriatic acid, an industrial grade of concentrated...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4 - Write two sets of equations (both molecular and...Ch. 4 - Why do some pairs of ions precipitate and others...Ch. 4 - Use Table 4.1 to determine which of the following...Ch. 4 - The beakers represent the aqueous reaction of...Ch. 4 - Complete the following precipitation reactions...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.42PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.44PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.45PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.46PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4 - If 25.0 mL of silver nitrate solution reacts with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.50PCh. 4 - With ions shown as spheres and solvent molecules...Ch. 4 - The precipitation reaction between 25.0 mL of a...Ch. 4 - A 1.50-g sample of an unknown alkali-metal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - The mass percent of Cl− in a seawater sample is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.56PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Write a general equation for a neutralization...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.59PCh. 4 - (a) Name three common weak acids. (b) Name one...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.61PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.62PCh. 4 - How many moles of H+ ions are present in each of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.64PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.65PCh. 4 - Complete the following acid-base reactions with...Ch. 4 - Limestone (calcium carbonate) is insoluble in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.68PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.69PCh. 4 - How many grams of NaH2PO4 are needed to react with...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.71PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.73PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.74PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.75PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4 - A mixture of bases can sometimes be the active...Ch. 4 - Describe how to determine the oxidation number of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.80PCh. 4 - Why must every redox reaction involve an oxidizing...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.82PCh. 4 - Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of carbon in each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.85PCh. 4 - Give the oxidation number of nitrogen in each of...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of sulfur in each of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.88PCh. 4 - Give the oxidation number of phosphorus in each of...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of manganese in each of...Ch. 4 - Give the oxidation number of chromium in each of...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the...Ch. 4 - The active agent in many hair bleaches is hydrogen...Ch. 4 - A person’s blood alcohol (C2H5OH) level can be...Ch. 4 - Which type of redox reaction leads to each of the...Ch. 4 - Why do decomposition redox reactions typically...Ch. 4 - Which of the types of reactions discussed in...Ch. 4 - Are all combustion reactions redox reactions?...Ch. 4 - Give one example of a combination reaction that is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.103PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.104PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.105PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.106PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.107PCh. 4 - Predict the product(s) and write a balanced...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.109PCh. 4 - Predict the product(s) and write a balanced...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.111PCh. 4 - Predict the product(s) and write a balanced...Ch. 4 - How many grams of O2 can be prepared from the...Ch. 4 - How many grams of chlorine gas can be produced...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.115PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.116PCh. 4 - A mixture of KClO3 and KCl with a mass of 0.950 g...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.118PCh. 4 - Before arc welding was developed, a displacement...Ch. 4 - Iron reacts rapidly with chlorine gas to form a...Ch. 4 - A sample of impure magnesium was analyzed by...Ch. 4 - Why is the equilibrium state said to be...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.123PCh. 4 - Describe what happens on the molecular level when...Ch. 4 - When either a mixture of NO and Br2 or pure...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.126PCh. 4 - Nutritional biochemists have known for decades...Ch. 4 - Limestone (CaCO3) is used to remove acidic...Ch. 4 - The brewing industry uses yeast to convert glucose...Ch. 4 - A chemical engineer determines the mass percent of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.131PCh. 4 - You are given solutions of HCl and NaOH and must...Ch. 4 - The flask represents the products of the titration...Ch. 4 - To find the mass percent of dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]...Ch. 4 - On a lab exam, you have to find the concentrations...Ch. 4 - Nitric acid, a major industrial and laboratory...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.137PCh. 4 - In 1995, Mario Molina, Paul Crutzen, and F....Ch. 4 - Sodium peroxide (Na2O2) is often used in...Ch. 4 - A student forgets to weigh a mixture of sodium...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.141PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.142PCh. 4 - Physicians who specialize in sports medicine...Ch. 4 - Thyroxine (C15H11I4NO4) is a hormone synthesized...Ch. 4 - Over time, as their free fatty acid (FFA) content...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.146PCh. 4 - Calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Ca(H2PO4)2, and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.148PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.149PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.150PCh. 4 - In 1997 and 2009, at United Nations conferences on...Ch. 4 - In a car engine, gasoline (represented by C8H18)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.153PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.154PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.155PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.156PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.157P
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Solutions: Crash Course Chemistry #27; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h2f1Bjr0p4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY