Manzeck Company operates a snow-removal service. The company owns five trucks, each of which has a snow plow in the front to plow driveways and a snowthrower in the back to clear sidewalks. Because plowing snow is very tough on trucks, the company incurs significant maintenance costs. Truck
Instructions
(a) Determine the predetermined overhead rate under traditional costing.
(b) Determine the amount of overhead allocated to the average residential job using traditional costing based on labor hours.
(c) Determine the activity-based overhead rates for each cost pool.
(d) Determine the amount of overhead allocated to the average residential job using activity-based costing. Assume that the average residential job has 20 square yards of plowing and 60 linear feet of snowthrowing.
(e) Discuss your findings from parts (b) and (d).
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Managerial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making
- TufStuff, Inc., sells a wide range of drums, bins, boxes, and other containers that are used in the chemical industry. One of the company’s products is a heavy-duty corrosion-resistant metal drum, called the WVD drum, used to store toxic wastes. Production is constrained by the capacity of an automated welding machine that is used to make precision welds. A total of 2,000 hours of welding time is available annually on the machine. Because each drum requires 0.4 hours of welding machine time, annual production is limited to 5,000 drums. At present, the welding machine is used exclusively to make the WVD drums. The accounting department has provided the following financial data concerning the WVD drums:   WVD Drums   Selling price per drum  $ 149.00      Cost per drum:        Direct materials (Variable) $52.10        Direct labor (Variable) 3.60        VariableManufacturing overhead…arrow_forwardTufStuff, Inc., sells a wide range of drums, bins, boxes, and other containers that are used in the chemical industry. One of the company’s products is a heavy-duty corrosion-resistant metal drum, called the WVD drum, used to store toxic wastes. Production is constrained by the capacity of an automated welding machine that is used to make precision welds. A total of 2,000 hours of welding time is available annually on the machine. Because each drum requires 0.4 hours of welding machine time, annual production is limited to 5,000 drums. At present, the welding machine is used exclusively to make the WVD drums. The accounting department has provided the following financial data concerning the WVD drums:  WVD Drums Selling price per drum   $ 149.00 Cost per drum:     Direct materials $52.10    Direct labor ($18 per hour) 3.60    Manufacturing overhead 4.50    Selling and administrative expense 29.80   90.00 Margin per drum   $ 59.00   Management…arrow_forwardTufStuff, Incorporated, sells a wide range of drums, bins, boxes, and other containers that are used in the chemical industry. One of the company’s products is a heavy-duty corrosion-resistant metal drum, called the WVD drum, used to store toxic wastes. Production is constrained by the capacity of an automated welding machine that is used to make precision welds. A total of 2,140 hours of welding time is available annually on the machine. Because each drum requires 0.4 hours of welding machine time, annual production is limited to 5,350 drums. At present, the welding machine is used exclusively to make the WVD drums. The accounting department has provided the following financial data concerning the WVD drums:  WVD Drums Selling price per drum  $ 177.00 Cost per drum:   Direct materials $ 52.10  Direct labor ($25 per hour) 5.00  Manufacturing overhead 8.70  Selling and administrative expense 31.20 97.00 Margin per drum  $ 80.00  Management believes 6,275…arrow_forward
- TufStuff, Inc., sells a wide range of drums, bins, boxes, and other containers that are used in the chemical industry. One of the company’s products is a heavy-duty corrosion-resistant metal drum, called the WVD drum, used to store toxic wastes. Production is constrained by the capacity of an automated welding machine that is used to make precision welds. A total of 2,160 hours of welding time is available annually on the machine. Because each drum requires 0.4 hours of welding machine time, annual production is limited to 5,400 drums. At present, the welding machine is used exclusively to make the WVD drums. The accounting department has provided the following financial data concerning the WVD drums:  WVD Drums Selling price per drum   $ 181.00 Cost per drum:     Direct materials $52.10    Direct labor ($26 per hour) 5.20    Manufacturing overhead 9.30    Selling and administrative expense 31.40   98.00 Margin per drum   $ 83.00   Management…arrow_forwardDahl Corporation has just built a machine to produce car doors. Dahl had to build this machine because it couldn’t purchase one that met its specifications. The following are the costs related to the machine’s construction and the first month of operations: • Construction materials, $20,000 • Labor, $9,000 (construction, $3,000; testing, $1,000; operations, $5,000) • Engineering fees, $5,000 • Utilities, $4,000 (construction, $1,000; testing, $1,000; operations, $2,000) What is the initial value of the machine? a. $28,000 b. $29,000 c. $31,000 d. $38,000arrow_forwardSteve Hausmann, a production engineer at Euro Fashion-USA, a European-style furniture company, was considering replacing a 1,000 lb capacity industrial forklift truck, which was purchased three years ago for $18,000. The truck was being used to move assembled furniture from the finishing department to the warehouse. Recently, the truck had not been dependable and had been frequently out of service while awaiting repairs, a situation that eventually cost the company $3,000. Maintenance expenses were rising steadily. When the truck was not available, the company had to rent one. In addition, the forklift truck was diesel operated, and workers in the plant were complaining about the air pollution. If retained, the truck would have required an immediate engine overhaul to keep it in operablecondition. The overhaul would have neither extended the originally estimated service life nor increased the value of the truck. Steve has found that the current truck has a book value of $0 (fully…arrow_forward
- Basuras Waste Disposal Company has a long-term contract with several large cities to collect garbage and trash from residential customers. To facilitate the collection, Basuras places a large plastic container with each household. Because of wear and tear, growth, and other factors, Basuras places about 200,000 new containers each year (about 20% of the total households). Several years ago, Basuras decided to manufacture its own containers as a cost-saving measure. A strategically located plant involved in this type of manufacturing was acquired. To help ensure cost efficiency, a standard cost system was installed in the plant. The following standards have been established for the products variable inputs: During the first week in January, Basuras had the following actual results: The purchasing agent located a new source of slightly higher-quality plastic, and this material was used during the first week in January. Also, a new manufacturing process was implemented on a trial basis. The new process required a slightly higher level of skilled labor. The higher- quality material has no effect on labor utilization. However, the new manufacturing process was expected to reduce materials usage by 0.25 pound per container. Required: 1. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Compute the materials price and usage variances. Assume that the 0.25 pound per container reduction of materials occurred as expected and that the remaining effects are all attributable to the higher-quality material. Would you recommend that the purchasing agent continue to buy this quality, or should the usual quality be purchased? Assume that the quality of the end product is not affected significantly. 2. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Compute the labor rate and efficiency variances. Assuming that the labor variances are attributable to the new manufacturing process, should it be continued or discontinued? In answering, consider the new processs materials reduction effect as well. Explain. 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Refer to Requirement 2. Suppose that the industrial engineer argued that the new process should not be evaluated after only one week. His reasoning was that it would take at least a week for the workers to become efficient with the new approach. Suppose that the production is the same the second week and that the actual labor hours were 9,000 and the labor cost was 99,000. Should the new process be adopted? Assume the variances are attributable to the new process. Assuming production of 6,000 units per week, what would be the projected annual savings? (Include the materials reduction effect.)arrow_forwardHicks Contracting collects and analyzes cost data in order to track the cost of installing decks on new home construction jobs. The following are some of the costs that they incur. Classify these costs as fixed or variable costs and as product or period costs. Lumber used to construct decks ($12.00 per square foot) Carpenter labor used to construct decks ($10 per hour) Construction supervisor salary ($45,000 per year) Depreciation on tools and equipment ($6,000 per year) Selling and administrative expenses ($35,000 per year) Rent on corporate office space ($34,000 per year) Nails, glue, and other materials required to construct deck (varies per job)arrow_forwardThe following is a list of costs incurred by several manufacturing companies: a. Annual picnic for plant employees and their families b. Cost of fabric used by clothing manufacturer c. Cost of plastic for a toy manufacturer d. Cost of sewing machine needles used by a shirt manufacturer e. Cost of television commercials f. Depreciation of copying machines used by the Marketing Department g. Depreciation of microcomputers used in the factory to coordinate and monitor the production schedules h. Depreciation of office building i. Depreciation of robotic equipment used to assemble a product j. Electricity used to operate factory machinery k. Factory janitorial supplies I. Fees charged by collection agency on past-due customer accounts m. Fees paid to lawn service for office grounds n. Maintenance costs for factory equipment o. Oil lubricants for factory plant and equipment p. Pens, paper, and other supplies used by the Accounting Department q. Repair costs for factory equipment r. Rent for a warehouse used to store work in process and finished products s. Salary of a physical therapist who treats plant employees t. Salary of the manager of a manufacturing plant u. Telephone charges by corporate office v. Travel costs of marketing executives to annual sales meeting w. Wages of a machine operator on the production line x. Wages of production quality control personnel Instructions Classify each of the preceding costs as a product cost or period cost. Indicate whether each product cost is a direct materials cost, a direct labor cost, or a factory overhead cost. Indicate whether each period cost is a selling expense or an administrative expense. Use the following tabular headings for preparing your answer, placing an X in the appropriate column:arrow_forward
- Renslen, Inc., a truck manufacturing conglomerate, has recently purchased two divisions: Meyers Service Company and Wellington Products, Inc. Meyers provides maintenance service on large truck cabs for 10-wheeler trucks, and Wellington produces air brakes for the 10-wheeler trucks. The employees at Meyers take pride in their work, as Meyers is proclaimed to offer the best maintenance service in the trucking industry. The management of Meyers, as a group, has received additional compensation from a 10 percent bonus pool based on income before income taxes and bonus. Renslen plans to continue to compensate the Meyers management team on this basis as it is the same incentive plan used for all other Renslen divisions, except for the Wellington division. Wellington offers a high-quality product to the trucking industry and is the premium choice even when compared to foreign competition. The management team at Wellington strives for zero defects and minimal scrap costs; current scrap levels are at 2 percent. The incentive compensation plan for Wellington management has been a 1 percent bonus based on gross margin. Renslen plans to continue to compensate the Wellington management team on this basis. The following condensed income statements are for both divisions for the fiscal year ended May 31, 20x1: Renslen, Inc. Divisional Income Statements For the Year Ended May 31, 20x1 Each division has 1,000,000 of management salary expense that is eligible for the bonus pool. Renslen has invited the management teams of all its divisions to an off-site management workshop in July where the bonus checks will be presented. Renslen is concerned that the different bonus plans at the two divisions may cause some heated discussion. Required: 1. Determine the 20x1 bonus pool available for the management team at: a. Meyers Service Company b. Wellington Products, Inc. 2. Identify at least two advantages and disadvantages to Renslen, Inc., of the bonus pool incentive plan at: a. Meyers Service Company b. Wellington Products, Inc. 3. Having two different types of incentive plans for two operating divisions of the same corporation can create problems. a. Discuss the behavioral problems that could arise within management for Meyers Service Company and Wellington Products, Inc., by having different types of incentive plans. b. Present arguments that Renslen, Inc., can give to the management teams of both Meyers and Wellington to justify having two different incentive plans.arrow_forwardJireh Limited also manufactures prefab components for the housing industry. They have just been offered a new four year contract to supply a component, subject to them meeting certain quality requirements set by GREDA Ghana. The production manager is concerned that the current machine, which has been fully depreciated, will not be able to meet the stringent quality controls that will be required because the technology is obsolete, and the machine is unreliable. The company currently spends £50,000 per year to maintain and operate this machine which has no secondhand market value. On the basis of the production managerʼs recommendation, management has decided to replace the current machine. It is estimated that the replacement machine will cost £1 million with a four-year useful life. The companyʼs depreciation policy is to use a 20% reducing balance method over the life of the asset. As part of the purchase agreement for the new machine, the suppliers are offering a special maintenance…arrow_forwardThe Pittsburgh division of Vermont Machinery, Inc., manufactures drill bits.One of the production processes for a drill bit requires tipping, whereby carbide tips are inserted into the bit to make it stronger and more durable. This tipping process usually requires four or five operators, depending on the weekly workload. The same operators are also assigned to the stamping operation, where the size of the drill bit and the company's logo is imprinted on the bit. Vermont is considering acquiring three automatic tipping machines to replace the manual tipping and stamping operations. If the tipping process is automated, the division's engineers will have to redesign the shapes of the carbide tips to be used in the machine. The new design requires less carbide, resulting in savings on materials. The following financial data have been compiled: Project life: six years. Expected annual savings: reduced labor, $56,000; reduced material, $75,000; other benefits (reduced carpal tunnel syndrome…arrow_forward
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