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The acid/alkaline balance of a fluid is measured by the pH scale. The scale runs from 0 (extremely acid) to 14 (extremely alkaline), with pH 7 being neutral. A pH electrode is a sensor that produces a small voltage that is directly proportional to the pH of the fluid in a test chamber. For a certain pH electrode, the proportionality factor is 50 mV/pH. A preamplifier is needed to interface this sensor with a variety of laboratory instruments. The output of the preamp must be 1 V when the sensor is immersed in a test solution with
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Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF LINEAR C
- (1-a) Build a half-wave rectifier circuit with a single diode to perform the charging function. Explain the operation of the diode and the entire circuit. Use drawings to illustrate how battery current changes with the input voltage. (Assume that diodes turn on at 0 V) (1-b) Build a full-wave rectifier circuit with four diodes to perform the charging function. Explain the operation of the diodes and the entire circuit. Use drawings to illustrate how battery current changes with the input voltage. (Assume that diodes turn on at 0 V) (1-c) Assuming practical diodes in the full-wave rectifier, describe the behaviour of a single diode as a p-n junction, then analyse the operation of the entire rectifier assuming 0.7-V threshold voltage for each diode. Use simulations to support your analysis.arrow_forward03: bridge rectifier circuit shown in Figure (1), with a forward diode resistance Rd=12, and Rd=0 for a reverse bias. The input voltage of the circuit is 240V and 482 load resistance. Determine: The de load current, the power input efficiency and the PIV rating is required for the diodes. D4 D1 Rd=10 RL=480 Vs Vrms Vo D3 D2 Figure 1arrow_forwardC4 R1 Vout For the precision rectifier circuit shown in Figure C4 what is the correct operation for the circuit if a Sine wave is 10k D1 R2 LM324 VEE applied to the input signal VIN? Vin D2 10k OUT V3 U1A Figure C4 A. When VIn is negative the circuit operates as unity voltage follower providing an in phase sine wave at VouT. When VIN is positive the circuit conducts but only to one diode drop, B. When VIn is negative the circuit operates as an inverting amplifier providing an inverted sine wave at VouT. When VIN is positive the circuit is driven to very close to zero due to amplifier gain reducing the diode drop voltage, c. When VIn is negative the circuit operates as an inverting amplifier providing an in-phase sine wave at VOUT. When VIn is positive the circuit is driven to very close to zero due to amplifier gain reducing the diode drop voltage, D. When VIn is negative the circuit operates as unity voltage follower providing an inverted sine wave at Vour. When VIn is positive the…arrow_forward
- Tiguie Question 3 Figure 2 shows a center-tapped full wave rectifier circuit when a 100 V peak sine wave is applied to the primary winding. If the peak input in Figure 2 is changed to 220V draw the voltage waveforms across each half of the secondary winding and across Ri for TWO (2) complete input cycle voltage. Also determine the Vout, current through R. and PIV rating for each diode. Assume Dị and D2 are practical diode model. D 2:1 +100 V -- IN4001 V OV RL -100 V 10 k2 IN4001 Figure 2arrow_forwardState whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE (Q1---Q3): The DC output voltage of a Full wave bridge Rectifier is less than the DC output voltage of a half wave rectifier for the same input. 1 In Full Wave Center Tapped Rectifier, Peak Inverse Voltage is triple of the input 2 voltage. 3 In forward biased, the voltage drop across Germanium diode is 0.3 volt.arrow_forward03: bridge rectifier circuit shown in Figure (1), with a forward diode resistance Rd=12, and Rd=o for a reverse bias. The input voltage of the circuit is 240V and 482 load resistance. Determine: The de load current, the power input efficiency and the PIV rating is required for the diodes. D4 D1 Rd=10 RL=480 Vs Vrms Vo D3 D2 Figure 1arrow_forward
- What is the value of C1 for the diagram Conditions: 1st That for the calculation of the peak voltage of the rectifier output is 6V. 2º That the ideal ripple voltage is equal to 10% of the peak voltage at the output of the rectifier. 3rd That the maximum load current is 0.006Aarrow_forwardCalculate and draw the output voltages of each rectifier for the indicated input voltages. The 1N4001 and 1N4003 are specific rectifier diodes.arrow_forwardAt what point on the input cycle does the PIV occur? For a half-wave rectifier, there is current through the load for approximately what percentage of the input cycle?arrow_forward
- Electricity for Refrigeration, Heating, and Air C...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781337399128Author:Russell E. SmithPublisher:Cengage LearningDelmar's Standard Textbook Of ElectricityElectrical EngineeringISBN:9781337900348Author:Stephen L. HermanPublisher:Cengage Learning
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