Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 4, Problem 5MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Photosynthesis is a process by which green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be used to fuel the organism’s activities. The energy is stored in the carbohydrate molecule like sugars that are produced from carbon dioxide and water. The entire process is influenced by the presence of sunlight, hence the name photosynthesis, photo means “light” and synthesis means “formation”. In general, the formation of the plant’s food in the presence of sunlight is referred to as photosynthesis.
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According to the endosymbiont theory:
a)
modern plant cells are able to carry out photosynthesis because their ancestors engulfed cyanobacteria.
b)
chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from prokaryotic cells.
c)
ancestral eukaryotic cells acquired the ability to carry out aerobic respiration as a result of engulfing aerobic bacteria.
d)
a and c
e)
a, b and c
Which of the following is true for both plant and animal cells?
a)
They both contain a cytoskeleton.
b)
They both have a cell wall.
c)
They both contain centrioles for cell division.
d)
They both contain chlorophyll.
The origin of the photosynthetic eukaryote took place when a ______ was engulfed by a later eukaryote with mitochondria.
Later eukaryote with mitochondria b) early eukaryote with chitin c) early prokaryote with ribosomes d) later prokaryote with chloroplasts
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 4.1 - trace the historical development of the cell...Ch. 4.1 - list the three principles of the cell theory?Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 4.3 - describe the structure and features shared by all...Ch. 4.3 - distinguish prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells?Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 4.4 - describe the structure and function of the major...
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 4.5 - Why do the chromosomes in chromatin condense in...Ch. 4.5 - Using Fig. E4 4. plot the changes in each country...Ch. 4.5 - Why is it advantageous for all cellular membranes...Ch. 4.5 - Why is it important for lysosomal enzymes to be...Ch. 4.5 - Over the years, scientists have wondered how many...Ch. 4.5 - What problems would arise if the trachea were...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 4.5 - list the structures found in animal but not plant...Ch. 4.5 - describe the structure and function of each major...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 1CTCh. 4 - Which of the following is/are found only in...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a function of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4 - Prob. 5MCCh. 4 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 4 - Two organelles that are believed to have evolved...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Describe the nucleus and the function of each of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Describe the structure and function of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Prob. 9RQCh. 4 - List the structures of bacterial cells that have...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ACCh. 4 - Prob. 2ACCh. 4 - What problems would an enormous round cell...
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- Mitochondria most likely evolved from_______. a. a photosynthetic cyanobacterium b. cytoskeletal elements c. aerobic bacteria d. membrane proliferationarrow_forwarda) Describe some characteristics and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.b) How do the three domains of life differ from one another?c) Two of the organelles in eukaryotes, the mitochondrion and the chloroplast are believed to haveoriginated through a process of symbiosis. Discuss some of the theories of the origins ofmitochondria and chloroplastsarrow_forwardWhat characteristic of mitochondria and chloroplasts makes themdifferent from other organelles and suggests they were onceindependent organisms?a. They have a specialized function in the cell.b. They are surrounded by a membrane.c. They contain enzymes.d. They have their own DNA and ribosomes.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the organization and function of chloroplasts and mitochondria? a. The pH is very low in the matrix of both organelles. b. Both cristae and grana are infoldings of the inner membrane. c. Inner membranes contain the transport proteins and ATP Synthases. d. Both organelles can divide independently of the cell.arrow_forwardBased on the diagram, which sentence BEST describes this organism? A. It is a prokaryote that can perform photosynthesis. B. It is a eukaryote that can perform photosynthesis. C. It is a prokaryote that cannot perform photosynthesis. D. It is a eukaryote that cannot perform photosynthesis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a characteristic that chloroplasts and mitochondria share? A. They are both believed to originally be Eubacteria B. They are both double-membrane structures. C. They are capable of reproducing themselves. D. They are both part of the endoplasmic membrane system. E. They both have their own DNA.arrow_forward
- Chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from an endosymbioticrelationship involvinga. purple bacteria and cyanobacteria, respectively.b. cyanobacteria and purple bacteria, respectively.c. cyanobacteria.d. purple bacteria.arrow_forwardWhat features of mitochondria are similar to bacteria? Select all that apply. A. Membrane-bound ribosomes B. Cellular machinery for photosynthesis C. Independent movement D. Circular DNA similar to plasmidsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is INCORRECT about plant cells? A. They have nucleus with circular chromosomes. B. They have cytoplasm that contains all of the organelles. C. They have rigid cell walls. D. They have a large, fluid-filled space inside that helps them maintain their shapearrow_forward
- Which statement is not true of plastids (chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leukoplasts)? a) Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis. b) They have two plasma membranes, with the inner membrane being highly folded. c) They are structurally similar to mitochondria. d) Leukoplasts store starch. e) Chromoplasts contain chlorophyll. Which of the following is not associated with eukaryotic cells? a) Nucleoli. b) Plastids. c) Plasmids. d) Plasmodesmata. e) Basal bodies. Which paired items are structurally identical to one another? a) Eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes. b) Centrioles and basal bodies. c) Plastids and mitochondria. d) Eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella. Which statement is not true? a) Plant cells are eukaryotic. b) Cholorplasts are typically found in the roots of plants. c) Plasmodesmata allow plant cells to share cytoplasm with one another facilitating movement of materials from one cell to another. d) Endoplasmic…arrow_forwardWhat types of cells perform photosynthesis? a All plants b All eukaryotic c All prokaryotic d All animalsarrow_forwardThe main difference between plant and animal cells is: A Plant cells has small vacuoles B Animal cell lacks rigid cell wall C Animal cells has large vacuoles D Plant cell lacks rigid cell wallarrow_forward
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