Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 4.3, Problem 1CSC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The features of the self-cells and donor cells that cause immune suppression.
Introduction: Immune suppression is defined as the decrease in the efficiency of the immune system to fight against diseases that cause microorganisms and other pathological agents. This condition occurs due to organ transplant or by the use of some medications.
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When your white blood cells encounter pathogens, they use harsh chemical reactions to destroy pathogens. During these chemical reactions, some harmful compounds called free radicals are generated. Free radicals are important for destroying pathogens, but if they accumulate in our cells, they can cause damage to our own cells, too. They can damage our DNA and proteins within our cells.
How is vitamin C involved in these immune processes? Which ONE is correct?
1 Vitamin C is a coenzyme in the chemical reactions that produce free radicals.
2 Vitamin C is an antioxidant that prevents free radicals from damaging cellular components.
3 Vitamin C assists in the formation of collagen, which destroys pathogens.
4 Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of phospholipids to repair damaged cell membranes.
When your white blood cells encounter pathogens, they use harsh chemical reactions to destroy pathogens. During these chemical reactions, some harmful compounds called free radicals are generated. Free radicals are important for destroying pathogens, but if they accumulate in our cells, they can cause damage to our own cells, too. They can damage our DNA and proteins within our cells.
How is vitamin C involved in these immune processes?
Group of answer choices
1 Vitamin C is a coenzyme in the chemical reactions that produce free radicals.
2 Vitamin C is an antioxidant that prevents free radicals from damaging cellular components.
3 Vitamin C assists in the formation of collagen, which destroys pathogens.
4 Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of phospholipids to repair damaged cell membranes.
Some male veterans of the Gulf War in Iraq claim that their children have birth defects that were caused by toxic substance contaminating the war zone. What types of cells would a toxin have to have affected in these men to cause birth defects years later? Explain your answer.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 4.1 - trace the historical development of the cell...Ch. 4.1 - list the three principles of the cell theory?Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 1TCCh. 4.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 4.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 4.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 4.3 - describe the structure and features shared by all...Ch. 4.3 - distinguish prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells?Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 4.4 - describe the structure and function of the major...
Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 4.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 4.5 - Why do the chromosomes in chromatin condense in...Ch. 4.5 - Using Fig. E4 4. plot the changes in each country...Ch. 4.5 - Why is it advantageous for all cellular membranes...Ch. 4.5 - Why is it important for lysosomal enzymes to be...Ch. 4.5 - Over the years, scientists have wondered how many...Ch. 4.5 - What problems would arise if the trachea were...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 4.5 - list the structures found in animal but not plant...Ch. 4.5 - describe the structure and function of each major...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 1CTCh. 4 - Which of the following is/are found only in...Ch. 4 - Which of the following is not a function of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 4 - Prob. 5MCCh. 4 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 4 - Two organelles that are believed to have evolved...Ch. 4 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 4 - Prob. 1RQCh. 4 - Prob. 2RQCh. 4 - Prob. 3RQCh. 4 - Describe the nucleus and the function of each of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 5RQCh. 4 - Prob. 6RQCh. 4 - Describe the structure and function of the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Prob. 9RQCh. 4 - List the structures of bacterial cells that have...Ch. 4 - Prob. 1ACCh. 4 - Prob. 2ACCh. 4 - What problems would an enormous round cell...
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- Which types of cells are easier to replace, and thus can be found in places like our mouth and outer skin where we lose cells a lot?arrow_forwardGlycosylated proteins and lipids within the plasma membrane are important for Multiple answers A cell protection and energy storage. B cell communication C cell recognition by the immune system D cell energy storage. E cell protectionarrow_forwardA certain molecule will not dissolve in water and has a structure consisting of glycerol covalently bound to three fatty acid tails. What is the function of this molecule? A:Genetic information storage B:Cell communication C:Catalysis of chemical reactions D:Energy storagearrow_forward
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- Stem Cell ResearchThe inner cell mass in a blastocyst is pluripotent. Pluripotency means that each one of the cells is capable of differentiating into any type of cell in the human body.These pluripotent cells can be used to create any cells, tissues, or organs in the body. They can replace organs without the patients having to worry about organ rejection or taking immune-suppressing medication for the rest of their lives in order to reduce the chance of organ rejection. The pluripotent cells can also be used to help those with diabetes, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, or cancer, among many of diseases. There are several different sources of pluripotent cells. The best and most reliable source is the stem cells from an embryo. There are other types of stem cells such as induced pluripotent cells and embryonic stem cells created through various processes. In Canada, unused embryos from an in vitro fertilization procedure may be donated for stem cell research. However, the gamete…arrow_forwardA textbook on cancer contains the following statement: Fundamentally, cancer is a failure of the immune system. Why does this comment make sense?arrow_forwardFresh out of college, Maria has her first job teaching school. When she goes for a pre-employment chest X-ray required by the school district, the technician places a lead-lined apron over her abdomen but not over any other part of Marias body. The apron prevents electromagnetic radiation from penetrating into the protected body area. What cells is the lead shield designed to protect, and why?arrow_forward
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