Concept explainers
Introduction:
Muscles are defined as soft tissues that are found in humans and animals. There are three types of muscles found in humans such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. It contains filament protein such as actin and myosin that are responsible for the contraction of the muscle. Muscles also help to produce force and motion.
Answer to Problem 1MC
Correct answer:
Structures that range from largest to smallest are muscle, muscle fiber, myofibril, thick and thin filaments. Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Option (d) is given as “muscle, muscle fiber, and myofibril, thick and thin filaments”.
Explanation of Solution
Justify reasons for the correct statement:
Muscle cells are soft tissue and are composed of thick and thick filaments that are attached to each other and form cross-bridge and cause muscle contraction. Muscle fibers are surrounded by a plasma membrane called sarcolemma and they also contain cytoplasm called sarcoplasm. Each muscle fiber contains parallel cylindrical myofibrils and is found in striated muscle. Muscle fibers contain multinucleated cells and these cells combine together to form muscle. Myofibril is surrounded by specialized reticulum called sarcoplasmic reticulum. The thick and thin filaments are myosin and actin. Actin filament contains two accessory proteins such as troponin and tropomyosin.
Hence, option (d) is correct.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “motor unit, muscle, myofibril, muscle fiber, thick and thin filament”.
Motor unit is formed when motor neuron synapses with multiple muscle fibers in a single muscle. It consists of motor neuron and skeletal muscle fibers. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (b) is given as “muscle, muscle cell, myofibril, muscle fiber, actin, and myosin”.
Muscle is a part of the skeletal system which includes all the structures such as muscle cell, myofibril, muscle fiber, and actin and myosin filament. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “muscle cell, thick and thin filaments, sarcomeres, myofibril”.
Muscle cell, thick and thin filaments, sarcomeres and myofibril are the structures that together form a muscle cell. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.
Muscle is a soft tissue, which is made of myofibrils, muscle cells, and fibers, a thick and thin filament such as actin and myosin.
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Chapter 41 Solutions
Biology
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- Which statement about striated skeletal muscle is true? A. The tension generated by a muscle is invariable. B. Mechanical summation of twitches in a muscle fiber leads to a graded increase in the tension that is above that generated by a single twitch. C. A single action potential arriving at the neuromuscular junction is not sufficient to cause a muscle fiber to twitch. D. Muscle twitches are able to mechanically sum when Ca2+ is quickly and completely removed from the sarcoplasm between action potentials. E. An action potential in the muscle cell activates contraction by releasing Na+ into the sarcoplasm.arrow_forwardmuscle cells are made up of? A. Z bars b. actin c. myosin d. myofibrilsarrow_forwardWhen a muscle fiber is stretched from 60% of its optimal length to Lo, what change or changes are happening on the cellular level (MULTIPLE SELECT)? A. Increased calcium release from the SR B. Increased firing of action potentials from the alpha motor neuron C. Increased rate of myosin ATPase activity D. Increased number of actin-myosin bridges E. Increased stretch on titin, producing more passive forcearrow_forward
- Outline the role of calcium ions on muscle contraction during a biceps curl. In your answer: A) Describe the role of the nervous system in stimulating the release of calcium ions. b) Outline the role calcium ions play in the 'sliding filament theory?'arrow_forwardWhat happens when myosin filaments hydrolyze ATP molecules in muscles? a. Actin–myosin complexes dissociate, leading to muscle contraction. b. Actin–myosin complexes dissociate, leading to muscle relaxation. c. Actin–myosin complexes are formed, leading to muscle contraction. d. Actin–myosin complexes are formed, leading to muscle relaxation.arrow_forwardThe sliding filament mechanism describes the process during which: a. actin and myosin slide relative to each other b. sarcomeres slide relative to each other c. troponin and tropomyosin slide relative to each other d. muscle fibers slide past each otherarrow_forward
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