Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 41.6, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The mechanism of action of a drug, used in the cancer treatment, which inhibits the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) protein, present on T cells and the possible side effects of the drug.
Introduction:
The CTLA4 protein is the negative regulator of the T-cell. This protein does not allow the binding of the T-cells to the self-antigen, and hence, due to the presence of this protein, the T cells cannot kill the cancerous cells.
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A hypothetical disorder prevents memory cells from forming. What effect would this have on the immune system? B lymphocytes would be affected, but not T lymphocytes, Vaccinations would no longer be useful, The inflammatory response would no longer be effective, or The adaptive immune response would cease to function, but the innate immune response would continue to function normally.
Activated helper T Cells participate in which of the following processes?
a.) Differentiation of memory B cells
b.) Activation of cytotoxic T Cells
c.) Facilitation of macrophage phagocytosis
d.) All of above
Which is/are false about innate and specific immunity?
B cells are part of the innate immune system
T cells activate B cells and cause them to undergo clonal expansion
Langerhans cells are specialized to detect pathogens in the skin
Eosinophils are part of the innate immune system
Chapter 41 Solutions
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- Match the immune cell with its main function. ___dendritic cell a. professional phagocyte ___B cell b. antigen-presenter ___helper T cell c. activates other lymphocytes ___NK cell d. makes antibodies ___macrophage e. kills ailing body cells that lack MHC markersarrow_forwardWhich type of T cell is most effective against viruses? Th1 Th2 cytotoxic T cells regulatory T cellsarrow_forwardMatch the immunity concept with the best description. ___anaphylactic shock a. recognizes antigen ___immune memory b. inadequate immune response ___autoimmunity c general defense mechanism ___inflammation d. immune response against ones own body ___immune deficiency e. secondary response ___antigen receptor f. acute allergic reaction ___antigen processing g. presenting antigen together with MHC markersarrow_forward
- Researchers have been trying to develop a way to get the immune system to accept foreign tissue as self. Can you think of some clinical applications for such a development?arrow_forwardFigure 42.11 Which of the following statements about T cells is false? Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.arrow_forwardWhat type of cells secrete antibodies? A) Cytotoxic T cells B) Helper T cells C) B cells D) Plasma cells E) Antigen-presenting cellsarrow_forward
- . Which does NOT describe humoral immunity? Group of answer choices a. Antibodies are secreted by T-helper cells b. Humoral immunity is effective against circulating toxins c. Some B cells become memory cells d. cytotoxic t cells can make antibodiesarrow_forwardHow are innate lymphoid cells, including natural killer cells, distinguished from lymphocytes? a- stimulation by pathogen associated molecular patterns b- single lobed nucleus c- production of cytokines d-expression of rearranged antigen receptorsarrow_forwardwhich of the following cells secrete cytokines that activate B cells, T cells, and macrophages? a. T helper cells b. regulatory T cells c. T cytotoxic cells d. dendritic cellsarrow_forward
- which events occurs at A, B, and C ? choose the answers above: - cytokines are released to promote blood flow and cell movemnt - macrophages and neutrophils respond - T cell receptors bind to MHC-peptide complexes - secreted antibodies bind to soluble antigens - pamps bind prrs -cytotoxic T cells induce apopotosis of infected cellsarrow_forwardin antibody-mediated immunity, what happens immediately after B cells are activated? a. the foreign antigen-MHC complex is displayed on the cell surfaces. b. activated T helper cells interact with the B cells. c. the B cells are cloned. D. antibodies combine with antigens on the pathogen surface.arrow_forwardIf an individual failed to develop a thymus because of a genetic defect, what would happen to the immune responses mediated by antibodies and those mediated by cytotoxic T cells? Hint: Think how helper T cells and B cells are functionally related,arrow_forward
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