EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103935432
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 42.2, Problem 4R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The three situations by which the hermaphroditism proves to be advantageous.
Introduction:
In most of the organisms, the male and the female gametes are produced in different bodies or individuals. But in some invertebrate species, such as earthworms, the single individual can produce both males as well as female gametes. Such individuals are called as a hermaphrodite and this phenomenon is referred to as hermaphroditism.
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Compared to separate sexes and assuming self-fertilizing is not possible, what might be one advantage and one disadvantage to hermaphroditism?
Although the most effective form of an oral contraceptive for woman contain estrogen and progestin, some birth control pills contain a small dose of progestin-only. This is because there are many risks and side effects.
Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for using a progestin-only oral contraceptive?
Select one:
A. progesterone maintains the corpus luteum as corpus luteum release a large amount of progesterone and estrogen.
B. progesterone suppresses the maturation of follicles, thereby preventing ovulation of a mature ovum.
C. progestin-only oral contraceptives prevent the production of FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary.
D. progesterone suppresses the production of GnRH in the hypothalamus.
What are the organizing effects of sex hormones? Compare the negative feedback loops in the male reproductive system with those of the female’s reproductive cycle. Describe an example of positive feedback involving estrogen that leads to ovulation. What are the hormonal changes during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
Chapter 42 Solutions
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- Figure 43.15 Which of the following statements about hormone regulation of the female reproductive cycle is false? LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estradiol and progesterone are produced in the ovaries. Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken. Both progesterone and estradiol are produced by the follicles. Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estradiol but stimulated by high levels of estradiol.arrow_forwardAlthough the most effective forms of oral contraceptive for women contain estrogen and progestin, some birth control pills contain a small dose of progestin only. This is because there are many risks and side effects associated with estrogen.Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for using a progestin-only oral contraceptive? Select one: a. Progesterone suppresses the maturation of follicles, thereby preventing ovulation of a mature ovum. b. Progesterone maintains the corpus luteum as corpus luteum releases a large amount of progesterone and some estrogen. c. Progestin-only oral contraceptives prevent the production of FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary. d. Progesterone suppresses the production of GnRH in the hypothalamus.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT TRUE? A) Menopause is marked by elevated levels of gonadotropins. A spermatozoon can survive for more than five days in a female reproductive tract. C) The proliferative endometrial phase is promoted by progesterone. Synthetic estrogens act as contraceptives by preventing the ovarian luteal phase. The hormonal basis of stress-induced amenorrhea is due to the influence of the limbic system on GNRH secretion.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true regarding the determinants of sexual development: the presence of the gene for HY antigen on the Y chromosome determines whether a testis develops from the gonadal ridge. the presence of MIS determines whether the Wolffian ducts develop. the presence of estrogen determines whether a vagina develops. the presence of DHT determines whether a prostate develops.arrow_forwardDistinguish between parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism.arrow_forwardWhich of the following describes the role of Luteinizing hormone in the ovarian cycle? o Inhibits the hypothalamus from secreting GNRH o Directly promotes thickening of the endometrium o Simulates the ovary to increase aldosterone o Induces the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone Stimulates lactation in the mammary glandsarrow_forward
- What does the graph show about estrogen and progesterone before and after ovulation? Please choose from one choice below.  Before ovulation: Progesterone level is higher than estrogen; After ovulation: Estrogen level is higher than progesterone  Before ovulation: Estrogen level is lower than progesterone; After ovulation: Progesterone level is higher than estrogen  Before ovulation: Estrogen level is higher than progesterone; After ovulation: Progesterone level is higher than estrogen  Before ovulation: Progesterone level is higher than estrogen; After ovulation: Estrogen level is lower than progesteronearrow_forwardWhat are the causes of differences between male and female reproductive behaviors? Do males always have higher reproductive potential? Why are females choosier than males?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the Female Reproductive System is TRUE? Select one: A) Follicles are located in the ovarian cortex, which has a rich supply of blood vessels and nerve fibres. B) The female gonads secrete progesterone, estrogen, and oxytocin. C) Connective tissue makes up the walls of the ovaries, uterus, and vagi na – whereas epithelial tissue lines the inner sides of the uterus, Fallopian tubes, and vagina. D) Microbial growth is deterred by the non-acidic environment of the vagi na. E) Each ovary is held in place within the abdominopelvic cavity by three ligaments – the broad, suspensory, and uterine ligaments.arrow_forward
- Contrast the biological advantages of hermaphroditism that involves cross-fertilization with hermaphroditism that involves self-fertilization.arrow_forwardWhat is Sexual Dimorphism and its examples? What are the causes and effects of Sexual Dimorphism?arrow_forwardWhy does puberty occur too late or too early in some individuals?arrow_forward
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