An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 4.3, Problem 19P
The amount of work done by each stroke of an automobile engine is controlled by the amount of fuel injected into the cylinder: the more fuel, the higher the temperature and pressure at points 3 and 4 in the cycle. But according to equation 4.10, the efficiency of the cycle depends only on the compression ratio (which is always the same for any particular engine), not on the amount of fuel consumed. Do you think this conclusion still holds when various other effects such friction arc taken into account? Would you expect a real engine to be most efficient when operating at high power or at low power? Explain.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
An engineer claims to have measured the characteristics of a heat engine that takes in 100 J of thermal energy and produces 50 J of useful work. Is this engine possible? If so, what is the smallest possible ratio of the temperatures (in kelvin) of the hot and cold reservoirs?
At room temperature, a single oxygen molecule, with mass of 5.31x10^-26 kg typically has a kinetic energy of about 6.21x10^-21 J. How much power does all the oxygen molecule generate in 45 minutes? (Note that the system has one mole of oxygen gas)
Let’s say that the Carnot engine takes 100 J of heat from a reservoir at 500 K, does some work, and discards some heat at a reservoir at 300 K. How much work does it do, how much heat is discarded, and what is its efficiency?
Chapter 4 Solutions
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 4.1 - At a power plant that produces 1 GW ( 109 watts)...Ch. 4.1 - A power plant produces 1 GW of electricity, at an...Ch. 4.1 - It has been proposed to use the thermal gradient...Ch. 4.1 - Prove directly (by calculating the heat taken in...Ch. 4.1 - To get more than an infinitesimal amount of work...Ch. 4.2 - Why must you put an air conditioner in the window...Ch. 4.2 - Can you cool off your kitchen by leaving the...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 9PCh. 4.2 - Suppose that heat leaks into your kitchen...
Ch. 4.2 - What is the maximum possible COP for a cyclic...Ch. 4.2 - Explain why an ideal gas taken around a...Ch. 4.2 - Under many conditions, the rate at which heat...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 14PCh. 4.2 - In an absorption refrigerator the energy driving...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 16PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 17PCh. 4.3 - Prob. 18PCh. 4.3 - The amount of work done by each stroke of an...Ch. 4.3 - Derive a formula for the efficiency of the Diesel...Ch. 4.3 - The ingenious Stirling engine is a true heat...Ch. 4.3 - A small-scale steam engine might operate between...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 23PCh. 4.3 - Calculate the efficiency of a Rankine cycle that...Ch. 4.3 - In a real turbine, the entropy of the steam will...Ch. 4.3 - A coal-fired power plant, with parameters similar...Ch. 4.3 - In Table 4.1, why does the entropy of water...Ch. 4.3 - Imagine that your dog has eaten the portion of...Ch. 4.4 - Liquid HFC-134a at its boiling point at 12 bars...Ch. 4.4 - Consider a household refrigerator that uses...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose that the throttling valve in the...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose you are told to design a household air...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 33PCh. 4.4 - Consider an ideal Hampson-Linde cycle in which no...Ch. 4.4 - The magnetic field created by a dipole has a...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 36PCh. 4.4 - A common (but imprecise) way of stating the third...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Dragsters can actually reach a top speed of 145 m/s in only 4.45 s—considerably less time than given in Example...
College Physics
43. Change 830 cm to m.
Applied Physics (11th Edition)
Explain all answers clearly, with complete sentences and proper essay structure if needed. An asterisk (*) desi...
The Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals (2nd Edition)
42. A bicycle wheel is rotating at 50 rpm when the cyclist begins to
pedal harder, giving the wheel a constant...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
Medical ultrasound waves travel at about 1500 m/s in soft tissue. Higher frequencies provide clearer images but...
Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
59. A 6.00 μF capacitor that is initially uncharged is connected in series with a 4500 Ω resistor and a 500 V e...
College Physics (10th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- ILLUSTRATE THE PROBLEM ONLY!!! 5 moles of cinnamaldehyde gas that has an initial volume of ten liters expands under the following conditions: 185°F and 800mmHg external pressure. a. How much work is done? Express your answer in L atm. b. Assuming that the container is cylindrical with a base radius of 10cm and can only expand vertically, how much kinetic energy does a single molecule possesses if it travels from base to base of the expanded cylinder in 10μs? Express your answer in J. ILLUSTRATE THE PROBLEM ONLY!!!arrow_forwardDuring real expansion and compression processes in piston cylinder devices, it has been observed that gases satisfy the relationship PVn = C, where n and C are constant. Calculate the work done when a gas expands from 350 kPa and 0.03 m3, to a final volume of 0.2 m3, for the case where n = 1.5.arrow_forwardThe second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will tend to increase over time. true or false ?arrow_forward
- What is the efficiency of an ideal heat engine that operates on a Carnot cycle between 70 °F and 1000 °F?arrow_forwardCalculate the net work output (in J) of a heat engine following path ABCDA in the figure, where V1 = 1.5 ✕ 10−3 m3 and V2 = 6.0 ✕ 10−3 m3.arrow_forwardwould a 100% efficient engine violate the first law of thermodynamics? What about a workless refrigerator?arrow_forward
- Show that adiabatic curve is steeper than the isothermal curve.arrow_forwardHow much work is done in blowing up a balloon from zero volume to a volume of 6.4 L, assuming that p = 1.00 bar and no work is required to stretch the rubber? (In reality, the work that goes into stretching the rubber is substantial.)arrow_forwardThe thermal efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between 170 ˚C and 620 ̊C is closest to:arrow_forward
- Starting with the Clausius Inequality, ∂S ≥ ∂q/T, can you prove that, under conditions of constant pressure and entropy, for the total entropy to increase, ∂H ≤ 0 J?arrow_forwardIn this problem you are to consider an adiabaticexpansion of an ideal diatomic gas, which means that the gas expands with no addition or subtraction of heat. Assume that the gas is initially at pressure p0, volume V0, and temperature T0. In addition, assume that the temperature of the gas is such that you can neglect vibrational degrees of freedom. Thus, the ratio of heat capacities is γ=Cp/CV=7/5. Note that, unless explicitly stated, the variable γshould not appear in your answers--if needed use the fact that γ=7/5 for an ideal diatomic gas. Find an analytic expression for p(V), the pressure as a function of volume, during the adiabatic expansion. Express the pressure in terms of V and any or all of the given initial values p0, T0, and V0. p(V) = __________arrow_forwardIn this problem you are to consider an adiabaticexpansion of an ideal diatomic gas, which means that the gas expands with no addition or subtraction of heat. Assume that the gas is initially at pressure p0, volume V0, and temperature T0. In addition, assume that the temperature of the gas is such that you can neglect vibrational degrees of freedom. Thus, the ratio of heat capacities is γ=Cp/CV=7/5. Note that, unless explicitly stated, the variable γshould not appear in your answers--if needed use the fact that γ=7/5 for an ideal diatomic gas. A) Find an analytic expression for p(V), the pressure as a function of volume, during the adiabatic expansion. Express the pressure in terms of V and any or all of the given initial values p0, T0, and V0. p(V) = __________ B) At the end of the adiabatic expansion, the gas fills a new volume V1, where V1>V0. Find W, the work done by the gas on the container during the expansion. Express the work in terms of p0, V0, and V1. Your…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics (14th Edition)PhysicsISBN:9780133969290Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. FreedmanPublisher:PEARSON
Introduction To Quantum MechanicsPhysicsISBN:9781107189638Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.Publisher:Cambridge University Press
Physics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9780321820464Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina BrissendenPublisher:Addison-Wesley
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...PhysicsISBN:9780134609034Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart FieldPublisher:PEARSON
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics (14th Edition)
Physics
ISBN:9780133969290
Author:Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher:PEARSON
Introduction To Quantum Mechanics
Physics
ISBN:9781107189638
Author:Griffiths, David J., Schroeter, Darrell F.
Publisher:Cambridge University Press
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Lecture- Tutorials for Introductory Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9780321820464
Author:Edward E. Prather, Tim P. Slater, Jeff P. Adams, Gina Brissenden
Publisher:Addison-Wesley
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (4th Editio...
Physics
ISBN:9780134609034
Author:Randall D. Knight (Professor Emeritus), Brian Jones, Stuart Field
Publisher:PEARSON
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY