An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
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Chapter 4.4, Problem 36P
To determine
The limiting temperature for rubidium atoms that are cooled using laser
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The work function of sodium is 2.3 eV. What is the longest wavelength that can cause photoelectric emission? What should be the stopping potential if the sodium atom is illuminated by light of λ = 400 nm?
For the thermal radiation from an ideal blackbody radiator with a surface temperature of 2000 K, let Ic represent the intensity per unit wavelength according to the classical expression for the spectral radiancy and IP represent the corresponding intensity per unit wavelength according to the Planck expression.What is the ratio Ic/IP for a wavelength of (a) 400 nm (at the blue end of the visible spectrum) and (b) 200 mm (in the far infrared)? (c) Does the classical expression agree with the Planck expression in the shorter wavelength range or the longer wavelength range?
The binding energies of K-shell and L-shell electrons in copper are 8.979 and 0.951 keV, respectively. If a Ka x ray from copper is incident on a sodium chloride crystal and gives a first-order Bragg reflection at an angle of 74.1° measured relative to parallel planes of sodium atoms, what is the spacing between these parallel planes?
Chapter 4 Solutions
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 4.1 - At a power plant that produces 1 GW ( 109 watts)...Ch. 4.1 - A power plant produces 1 GW of electricity, at an...Ch. 4.1 - It has been proposed to use the thermal gradient...Ch. 4.1 - Prove directly (by calculating the heat taken in...Ch. 4.1 - To get more than an infinitesimal amount of work...Ch. 4.2 - Why must you put an air conditioner in the window...Ch. 4.2 - Can you cool off your kitchen by leaving the...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 9PCh. 4.2 - Suppose that heat leaks into your kitchen...
Ch. 4.2 - What is the maximum possible COP for a cyclic...Ch. 4.2 - Explain why an ideal gas taken around a...Ch. 4.2 - Under many conditions, the rate at which heat...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 14PCh. 4.2 - In an absorption refrigerator the energy driving...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 16PCh. 4.2 - Prob. 17PCh. 4.3 - Prob. 18PCh. 4.3 - The amount of work done by each stroke of an...Ch. 4.3 - Derive a formula for the efficiency of the Diesel...Ch. 4.3 - The ingenious Stirling engine is a true heat...Ch. 4.3 - A small-scale steam engine might operate between...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 23PCh. 4.3 - Calculate the efficiency of a Rankine cycle that...Ch. 4.3 - In a real turbine, the entropy of the steam will...Ch. 4.3 - A coal-fired power plant, with parameters similar...Ch. 4.3 - In Table 4.1, why does the entropy of water...Ch. 4.3 - Imagine that your dog has eaten the portion of...Ch. 4.4 - Liquid HFC-134a at its boiling point at 12 bars...Ch. 4.4 - Consider a household refrigerator that uses...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose that the throttling valve in the...Ch. 4.4 - Suppose you are told to design a household air...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 33PCh. 4.4 - Consider an ideal Hampson-Linde cycle in which no...Ch. 4.4 - The magnetic field created by a dipole has a...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 36PCh. 4.4 - A common (but imprecise) way of stating the third...
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- What is the minimum frequency in (THz) of light needed to eject electrons off a metal with a work function of 10.00 eV?arrow_forwardAn atom (not a hydrogen atom) absorbs a photon whose associated wavelength is 375 nm and then immediately emits a photon whose associated wavelength is 580 nm. How much net energy is absorbed by the atom in this process?arrow_forwardThe ground-state energy of a harmonic oscillator is 5.60 eV. If the oscillator undergoes a transition from its n = 3 to n = 2 level by emitting a photon, what is the wavelength of the photon?arrow_forward
- Suppose the fractional efficiency of a cesium surface (with work function 1.80 eV) is 1.0 * 10-16; that is, on average one electron is ejected for every 1016 photons that reach the surface.What would be the current of electrons ejected from such a surface if it were illuminated with 600 nm light from a 2.00 mW laser and all the ejected electrons took part in the charge flow?arrow_forwardThe work function of sodium is 2.3 eV. What is the longest wavelength that can causephotoelectric emission? What should be the stopping potential if the sodium atom isilluminated by light of λ = 400 nm?arrow_forwardAssume we have a material with a work function of 4.94 eV. What is the maximum speed, in meters per second, of electrons ejected from this metal by photons of light with wavelength 75 nm?arrow_forward
- What is the maximum wavelength shift for a Compton collision between a photon and a free proton?arrow_forwardWhen a hydrogen atom is in its ground state, what are the shortest and longest wavelengths of the photons it can absorb without being ionized?arrow_forwardWhat is the wavelength of (a) a 12-keV X-ray photon; (b) a 2.O-MeV y -ray photon?arrow_forward
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