Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 44, Problem 4TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Succession is a progressive modify in vegetation during biological time. It is a natural process. It can be known by the directional change in the organic composition of the population. It is an establishment of new species. It may be defined along the following 3 parameters:
- It is a systematic process of population development, which are reasonably directional.
- It results from changes in the physical atmosphere by the community.
- It is established as a biologically stable ecosystem at a given site.
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A predators can feed on several prey species, but prefer to attack those with the weakest defenses. The same predator may shift to a different prey species that becomes more common or more easily overcome when the previousiy preferred prey had acquired better defenses against the predator. This shifting strategy, known as _____________, results in sequential or alternating bouts of pairwise coevolution between many different species.
A. resource shifting
B. coevolutionary alternation
C. ecological character displacement
D. cospeciation
Which of the following statements about the concept of ecological niche is correct?
A species' realized niche, may or may not be the same as its fundamental niche
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A species' fundamental niche is always smaller than its realized niche
A niche is the same as a habitat
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Secondary contact
Tertiary contact
Primary contact
Genomic contact
Chapter 44 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.1 - Lake Baikal in Siberia is an ancient, unglaciated...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.3 - Why might ecologists think of walking thecoastline...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Which of the following are examples of secondary...Ch. 44.3 - In New England salt marshes, Spartina grass...
Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 44.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.4 - Which is part of the original MacArthur-Wilson...Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.5 - In these two food chains, plants and...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.5 - Detritivores that feed on the dung of herbivores...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.6 - Net primary production is the energy that passes...Ch. 44.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.6 - Most gross primary production is used in (by)...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYCh. 44 - On which types of islands would you expect species...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYCh. 44 - Autotrophic organisms are primary consumers....Ch. 44 - Prob. 8TYCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYCh. 44 - The most highly productive terrestrial ecosystems...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 44 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 44 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 44 - List some possible ecological disturbances, their...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Although a species might be physiologically able to live under a wide range of resource conditions, competitors may restrict its use of resources in a particular location. This is known as a character displacement. b mutualism. c realized niche. d fundamental niche. e interference competition.arrow_forwardWhich of the following scenarios best explains how resource partitioning can lead to adaptive radiation? The lack of competition between individuals leads to better survival and reproduction rates. The utilization of different resources requires different adaptations, selecting for different traits. The lack of competition leads to a more balanced ecosystem, resulting in more offspring. There is no connection between adaptive radiation and the resource partitioning in nature.arrow_forwardThe competitive exclusion principle is best defined as Multiple Choice the competition among individuals of the same species in the same location. the principle that two species that occupy the same niche cannot coexist indefinitely. an interaction between species that enhances the fitness of the exploiting individual while reducing the fitness of the exploited individual. the principle that if an organism allocates energy to one function, such as growth or reproduction, it reduces the amount of energy available to other functions.arrow_forward
- A realized niche describes the conditions of the environment in which a species is actually found, while a fundamental niche describes the potential environmental conditions tolerated by a species. True Falsearrow_forwardWhich stage of succession has the strongest interspecific competition? First stage of succession or climax stage Which stage of succession has primarily niche pre-emption competition? First stage of succession or climax stagearrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements is FALSE? Beta diversity is low when two ecosystems share the similar species and respective abundance. An intelligent meander records date, time, location and a list of species. Beta diversity or differentiation diversity compares alpha diversity among several communities. Species richness is the total species abundance in an ecosystem. Inventory diversity can be defined by alpha diversity, which is the number of species in a local forest stand.arrow_forward
- A specie’s ________ is the totality of its adaptations, its use of resources, and its lifestyle. (A) habitat, (B) ecotone, (C) ecological niche, (D) competitive exclusion, (E) coevolution.arrow_forwardINTRODUCTION: The environment may be changed by the things within the biotic community, as well as relationship between organisms and the nonliving environment. The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the maximum number of organisms that an area can support over time. The density of a population may cause huge changes in the environment so that the environment becomes unstable for the survival of that species. Humans can mess up natural selection and have either a positive or negative effect. OBJECTIVES Graph data on the Kaibab deer population of Arizona from 1905-1939. Analyze the factors that caused the changes in the deer population. PROCEDURE: Before 1905, there was an estimated 4000 deer on almost 30,000 hectacres of land on the Kaibab Plateau in Arizona. The average carrying capacity of the land at that time was estimated to be about 30,000 deer. Being concerned about the low number of deer, President Theodore Roosevelt created the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve to…arrow_forward16. _____________ describes the situation where two species competing for a shared resource use that resource in a different way in order to coexist. Character displacement Competitive coexistence Complementary existence Resource partitioningarrow_forward
- What roles do competitive exclusion and character displacement play in community structure? Successional sequences are altered by consumers of pioneer species. What ecological features of the pioneer species contribute to this phenomenon? Describe the two key elements of community stability.arrow_forwardBased on the images provided, the distribution of animals seen is dependent on which one of the following? Explain your choice. species population size community ecology spatial scale immigration and emigrationarrow_forwardWhich of the following attributes of a community would tend to lead to higher species richness? High specialization of species A broad resource spectrum High population size in each species Both a and b Both b and carrow_forward
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