Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 44, Problem 9TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The circulatory system consists of several important components that are required for the functioning of the body. This includes a heart, blood vessels, and a fluid medium for the transfer of important nutrients, ions, and other components across the blood. Blood vessels are of three main types namely arteries, veins, and capillaries.
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If a patient has cirrhosis of the liver and is unable to produce sufficient albumin and other plasma proteins, then what variable is changed in capillary exchange, and what is the effect?
a. There is no change in the capillary exchange process.
b. Hydrostatic pressure in the blood decreases, and fluid remains in the blood.
c. Colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary increases, and blood volume increases in the blood vessels.
d. Colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary decreases, and fluid remains in the interstitial fluid, potentially causing edema.
Which of the following statements is true?a. The longer the vessel, the lower the resistanceand the greater the flow.b. As blood volume decreases, blood pressure andblood flow also decrease.c. Increased viscosity increases blood flow.d. All of the above are true
The delivery of blood by the left ventricle into the sorta is intermittent, whereas blood flow in the peripheral circulation is usually continuous. Which of the following best explains this difference? A. Arteries contain more elastic tissue than veins .
B Capillary walls contain little elastic or muscular tissue . C. Continuous flow is needed to meet metabolic requirements.
D. Passive recoil of the arteries delivers blood to the periphery during diastole
E . Rhythmic contractions of arterial smooth muscie increase the diastolic pressure to above zero
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 44.1 - What are the three basic features of animal...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 44.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 44.1 - Prob. 4SBCh. 44.2 - Outline the life cycle of an erythrocyte.Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 44.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 44.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 44.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 44.3 - How do neurogenic and myogenic hearts differ?
Ch. 44.3 - Describe the electrical events that occur during...Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 44.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 44.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 44.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 44.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 44.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 44 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44 - A characteristic of blood circulation through or...Ch. 44 - The heartbeat includes: a. the systole when the...Ch. 44 - Keeping the mammalian cardiac cycle balanced...Ch. 44 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 44 - Characteristics of veins and venules are: a. thick...Ch. 44 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 44 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 44 - Nifedipine is an antihypertension medication that...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 44 - Nifedipine is an antihypertension medication that...
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- Match the type of blood vessel with its major function. _____ arteriesa. diffusion _____ arteriolesb. control of blood distribution _____ capillariesc. transport, blood volume reservoirs _____ veinsd. blood transport and pressure regulatorsarrow_forwardContraction of _______ drives the flow of blood through the aorta and pulmonary arteries. a. atria b. veins c. arterioles d. Ventriclesarrow_forwardIf a vessel were to dilate to twice its previous radius, and if pressure remained constant, blood flow through this vessel would a.increase by a factor of 16. b.increase by a factor of 4. c.increase by a factor of 2. d.decrease by a factor of 2.arrow_forward
- A major advantage of a double circulation is thata. blood can be pumped to the upper portions of the body by onecircuit and to the lower portions of the body by the other circuit.b. each circuit can pump blood at a different pressure to optimize thefunction of each.c. the oxygenated blood can mix with the deoxygenated blood beforebeing pumped to the tissues of the body.d. less energy is required to provide nutrients and oxygen to the tissuesof the body.e. All of the above are advantages of a double circulation.arrow_forwardWhich of the choices below best describes the systemic circulation of blood?a. The flow of blood into the right atrium and eventually out of the left ventricle.b. The movement of blood from the pulmonary trunk, through capillaries into the pulmonary veins.c. The movement of blood into the coronary arteries, through capillaries into the coronary sinus.d. The movement of blood from the aorta, through arteries and capillaries and then eventually to the vena cavae.arrow_forwardWhich of the following characteristics is unique to capillaries and not to other blood vessels? A. have low blood pressure B. have high blood pressure C. exchange substances (ions, small molecules and water) between blood and tissues D. carry oxygen and carbon dioxide E. connect to the heart and lungsarrow_forward
- Sympathetic impulses to the smooth muscles in the walls of arteries and arterioles produceA. Vasodilation only C. Vasomotor inhibitionB. Vasodilation and vasoconstriction D. Arteriosclerosis Substances exchanged at the capillary level move through the capillary walls byA. Diffusion B. Filtration C. Osmosis D. Active transport In the measurement of blood pressure, the cuff of the sphygmomanometer usually surroundsA. The radial artery C. The brachiocephalic arteryB. The dorsalis pedis artery D. The brachial artery Arterial blood pressure is independent ofA. Blood Volume B. Heart rate C. Blood Viscosity D. Influx of calcium ions Identify the TRUE statement (s). There may be several correct answers,A. An increased cardiac output is reflected in an elevated diastolic pressure.B. An increased cardiac output is reflected in a decreased diastolic pressure.C. An increase in the force of contraction produces an elevated…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false?a. Only arteries carry oxygenated blood.b. Both arteries and veins have a layer of smooth muscle.c. Capillary beds lie between arteries and veins.d. Sphincters regulate the flow of blood through capillaries.arrow_forwardCompared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active musclecells, blood reaching these cells in arterioles has a(A) higher PO2.(B) higher PCO2.(C) greater bicarbonate concentration.(D) lower pH.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is correct? a. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood to the heart. b. Arteries carry blood to the heart and veins carry blood away from the heart. C. All arteries carry oxygen-rich blood and veins carry oxygen-poor blood. d. Arteries carry oxygen-poor blood and veins carry oxygen-rich blood.arrow_forwardGiven: Capillaries are where the magic of gas diffusion happens. Capillaries are approximately 5-10 µm in diameter. Let’s pick an average value of 7.5 µm. A normal value of the diameter of an aortic artery is 15 mm. a. How many capillaries would it take to have the same cross-sectional area as a single aortic artery? b. Assuming constant fluid flow through a single aortic artery and a capillary network with the same cross-sectional area, how will the resistance to flow compare to both? (Answer a and b)arrow_forward
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