BIOLOGY:DYNAMIC SCIENCE-ACCESS >CUSTOM<
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781337254175
Author: Russell
Publisher: CENGAGE C
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Question
Chapter 45, Problem 11TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
HIV attacks helper T cells and macrophages, and wreaks havoc on the immune system. The altered impact when the virus attacks only the macrophages.
Introduction:
HIV (human immune deficiency virus) is a pathogen of humans. This virus as suggested by name; this virus causes the immune system deficient by attacking the immune cells (helper T cells and macrophages). The person infected with HIV becomes susceptible to other diseases as the immunity of that person is reduced.
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HIV can be treated with therapy, but there is a growing in the level of innate immune activation despite control of T cells and a negligible viral load. Explain why you think this may happen?
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Explain why HIV targets certain cell types, and describe the ?effects this virus has on the immune system?
Chapter 45 Solutions
BIOLOGY:DYNAMIC SCIENCE-ACCESS >CUSTOM<
Ch. 45.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.1 - What are the key differences between innate...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.2 - What processes specifically cause each...Ch. 45.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 45.3 - How, in general, do antibody-mediated and...Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 45.3 - What is clonal selection?
Ch. 45.3 - Prob. 5SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 45.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 45.5 - Compare invertebrate and mammalian immune...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 45 - Which of the following is not a component of the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 45 - After Sally punctured her hand with a dirty nail,...Ch. 45 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 45 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Defensins are found in...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 45 - Prob. 4ITD
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Refer to figures and compare and contrast how both viruses use surface receptors to evade an immune reaction and neutralizingantibodies.arrow_forwardGiven what you now know about how foreign invaders trigger immune responses, explain why mutated forms of viruses, which have altered surface proteins, pose a monitoring problem for a persons memory cells.arrow_forwardVaccines work to protect us against future infections by a bacteria or virus we may not have even encountered yet. In the space below, describe how a vaccine can protect against a future infection by a particular virus. In your answer explain what the vaccine is made of, the effects on any cells of the adaptive immune system involved, and explain how this can protect against a future infection by that virus.arrow_forward
- Killer T-cells help protect us from viral infections. Explain the mechanism of their action.arrow_forwardConsider that the Herd Immunity Threshold is dependent on the reproduction number for an infectious disease. The combination of herd immunity and quarantines were highly effective for eradicating smallpox. What is different about the symptoms of polio infection that makes quarantining infected individuals much more difficult?arrow_forwardThe first cell to initiate an adaptive immune response to a novel pathogen is _____. A. an antigen presenting cell such as a neutrophil or macrophage B. a helper T cell in the lymph nodes C. a B cell that binds a pathogen at the site of infection D. a memory cell that is activated directly by the pathogenarrow_forward
- Which of the following would not help a virus avoid triggeringan adaptive immune response?(A) having frequent mutations in genes for surface proteins(B) infecting cells that produce very few MHC molecules(C) producing proteins very similar to those of other viruses(D) infecting and killing helper T cellsarrow_forwardExplain one mechanism of antibody action against viruses.arrow_forwardExplain why each choice (a-d) is correct or incorrect. A vaccine is effective because a. The vaccine contains the antibodies necessary to fight infection. b. The vaccine contains the lymphocytes necessary to fight infection. c. The secondary response of the adaptive immunity is faster and more efficient than the primary response. d. B lymphocytes are unable to mount an immune response the first time they are exposed to a new pathogen.arrow_forward
- Describe IN YOUR OWN WORDS (to avoid Blackboard tagging your response as plagiarism) and in some detail, how the immune system works and how vaccinations can stop viruses. Use real examples and dataarrow_forward“T-lymphocytes are the most important arm of the immune response in protecting the community against virus infection.” Do you agree with this statement? Explain your reasoningarrow_forwardWhat happens in the thymus? Propose an explanation that the changes in the thymus makes senior citizens less capable of fighting off new pathogens, like COVID-19 viruses when they first appeared in the US in 2020.arrow_forward
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