Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781119110651
Author: David R. Klein
Publisher: WILEY
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 4.7, Problem 4.59P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The positions that are prone to electrophilic
Concept Introduction:
Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors.
- Strong deactivators: They are very strong electron withdrawing groups.
- Moderate deactivators: It contains a pi bond that is attached to a strong electronegative group.
- Weak deactivators: It consists of halogens.
Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho-para directing.
- Strong activators: It contains a lone pair next to the aromatic ring.
- Moderate activators: It has a lone pair next to the aromatic ring that can take part in the resonance outside the ring as well.
- Weak activators: It consists of alkyl groups.
Halogens are deactivators that are ortho-para directing.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
1. (a) Identify all transfers by arrows (P-transfer or N-attach) also identify nucleophiles and electrophiles, bases, and acids. (b) at the bottom page draw the net reaction going from “imine” to “conjugate acid of the aldehyde”.
I only need help with part b.
Considering IR spectroscopy, which of the following statements is incorrect?
Question 34 options:
Symmetrical C=C bonds and C≡C bonds give signals at lower wavenumbers compared to unsymmetrical bonds
Primary amines produce two signals resulting from symmetric stretching and asymmetric stretching
Carboxylic acids exist as dimer due to hydrogen bonding and thus produce a broad signal at 2200-3600 cm-1 and a characteristic signal due to C=O at approx. 1700 cm-1
Concentrated alcohols give rise to broad signals while dilute alcohols give rise to narrow signals
C=O bonds produce strong signals in an IR spectrum while C=C bonds often produce a weak signals
Draw the structure of an aromatic compound with a carboxylic acid group and an ethyl group.[Generate a SMILES notation: https://jsme-editor.github.io/dist/JSME_test.html.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics
Ch. 4.1 - Consider the following reaction, in which an...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.3PCh. 4.1 - Aromatic rings will also undergo iodination when...Ch. 4.2 - In each of the following cases, identify the...Ch. 4.2 - In each of the following cases, identify the...Ch. 4.2 - In each of the following cases, identify the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.10PCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.11PCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.13P
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.14PCh. 4.3 - Predict the products of the following reaction.Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.16PCh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4.4 - Identify the reagents you would use to achieve...Ch. 4.4 - Identify the reagents you would use to achieve...Ch. 4.4 - Identify the reagents you would use to achieve...Ch. 4.4 - Identify the reagents you would use to achieve...Ch. 4.4 - fill in the reagents you would use for the...Ch. 4.4 - fill in the reagents you would use for the...Ch. 4.4 - fill in the reagents you would use for the...Ch. 4.4 - fill in the reagents you would use for the...Ch. 4.4 - Prob. 4.27PCh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.28PCh. 4.4 - And now, for a challenging problem, try to draw...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.31PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.32PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.33PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.34PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.36PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.37PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.40PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.41PCh. 4.6 - Predict the products for each of the following...Ch. 4.6 - Predict the products for each of the following...Ch. 4.6 - Predict the products for each of the following...Ch. 4.6 - Predict the products for each of the following...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.47PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.48PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.49PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.50PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.51PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.52PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.53PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.55PCh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.56PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.58PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.59PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.60PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.61PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.62PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.63PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.64PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.65PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.66PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.67PCh. 4.7 - Can you explain why the following group is a...Ch. 4.7 - Prob. 4.70PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.71PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.73PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.74PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.76PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.77PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.78PCh. 4.7 - Prob. 4.79PCh. 4.8 - Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the...Ch. 4.8 - Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the...Ch. 4.8 - Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the...Ch. 4.8 - Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the...Ch. 4.8 - Propose an efficient synthesis for each of the...Ch. 4.8 - Prob. 4.87PCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.88PCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.89PCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.90PCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.91PCh. 4.8 - Prob. 4.92PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.94PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.95PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.96PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.97PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.98PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.99PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.100PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.101PCh. 4.9 - Prob. 4.102P
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Amines Instruction: Propose a synthesis pathway for the following. 1. benzoic acid to benzylamine 2. benzene carboxamide to benzylaminearrow_forwardWhen determining the identity of your unknown neutral product, you analysed it by IR. What feature(s) on your IR spectrum could help you distinguish piperonal from stilbene? options: presence of sp2 C-H stretch near 2850 cm-1 presence of C=O stretch near 1700 cm-1 presence of C=C stretch near 1500 cm-1 more than one of the abovearrow_forwardWhich response includes all of the following substances that have dHformation = 0, and no other substances? I. HCl(g) II. Na(s) III. HCl(aq) IV. F2(g)arrow_forward
- Identify which structural effect predominantly accounts for each given observation or phenomenon. Choose your answers from the following: A = Resonance B = C-H hyperconjugation C = Inductive Effect D = Steric Effect Meta-fluorophenol is a stronger acid than phenol.arrow_forward(aldehyde, ketone lab for organic chem 2) An unknown substance is found to be soluble in water and gives a positive 2,4- DNP test. If you observe a yellow color after performing the iodoform test, what specific functional group must be present in the unknown? Please provide detail, will mark as helpful. Thank youarrow_forwardWrite out all the steps in the mechanism of this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Include all resonance contributors. Benzene -HNO3-----> nitrobenzene H2SO4arrow_forward
- based on resonance and inductive effects, identify the strongest base among the aniline derivatives shown below aktiv please answer asaparrow_forward1. Draw the structure of p- toludine using Chemsketch.2. Name and Draw the structures of all possible chemical (Electrophilic aromatic substitution) reactions of the p- toludine; a. Halogenation (Chlorination or Bromination)b. Nitrationc. Sulphonationd. Friedal Craft Alkylatione. Friedal Craft Acylationarrow_forwardCompound MM (g/mol) ortho mp (oC) meta mp (oC) para mp (oC) Nitroacetanilide 180.16 94 155 214-217 Methyl nitrobenzoate 181.15 -13 78-80 94-96 Based on the table above, determine the regiochemistry of your methyl nitrobenzoate and draw the structure Based on the table above , determine the regiochemistry of your nitroacetanilide and draw the structure.arrow_forward
- Which of the following class of amines will not have an NH absorption in its IR spectrum or an NH signal on its proton NMR, but will still have an odd-numbered M+? primary secondary tertiary all of these will have an NH IR absorbance and H-1 NMR signal (peak) Thank you!arrow_forwardOne example of an eleven carbon terpene is shown below. Draw a curved arrow mechanism showing a biosynthetic pathway.Your mechanism should show two intermediates and all necessary curved arrows. If you need to remove a proton, you do not need to show the base. You can just "kick it out." Hint: Lose the OPP and form a ring in the first step.arrow_forwardDraw the following functional groups including lone pairs of electrons. Predict the bond polarity of the functional group using partial positive and partial negative if applicable. Then, identify all nucleophilic and electrophilic sites (atoms) using your knowledge of bond polarity. * I only need help with nitrile, primary amine, alkyl chloride, and acid chloride!!!arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580350
Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780618974122
Author:Andrei Straumanis
Publisher:Cengage Learning