Concept explainers
A tool used for fabricating semiconductor devices consists of a chuck (thick metallic, cylindrical disk) onto which a very thin silicon wafer
An experiment has been performed under conditions for which the wafer, initially at a uniform temperature
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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Liquid A has a density of 0.85 kg/m3 and a specific sensible heatcapacitance (Cv) of 2.2 kJ/kgK. Liquid B has a density of 0.78 kg/m3and a specific sensible heat capacitance (Cv) of 1.8 kJ/kgK. Liquid A isat 22°C and liquid B is at 14°C. Equal volumes of both liquids are mixedtogether. What is the resulting temperature? answer is 18.6°Carrow_forwardThe block in the drawing has dimensions L0×2L0×3L0,where L0 =0.5 m. The block has a thermal conductivity of 300 J/(s·m·C˚). In drawings A, B, and C, heat is conducted through the block in three different directions; in each case the temperature of the warmer surface is 36 ˚C and that of the cooler surface is 6 ˚C Determine the heat that flows in 6 s for each case.arrow_forwardA steel pipe (outside diameter 100 mm) is covered with two layers of insulation. The inside layer, 40 mm thick, has a thermal conductivity of 0.07 W/(m K). The outside layer, 20 mm thick, has a thermal conductivity of 0.15 W/(m K). The pipe is used to convey steam at a pressure of 600 kPa. The outside temperature of insulation is 24°C. If the pipe is 10 m long, determine the following, assuming the resistance to conductive heat transfer in steel pipe and convective resistance on the steam side are negligible: a. The heat loss per hour. b. The interface temperature of insulation.arrow_forward
- 1. A link is exposed to 2 F1= 621 N and F2= 795 N force. Determine the magnitude and direction of the Resultant force. 2. Determine the length of the AC wire needed to hold the lamp with the lamp weight = 5 kg, in the image position as below. The length of the spring is 0.4 m and the spring stiffness is 300 N / m. g = 9.81 m / s^2arrow_forwardDetermine the index of the polytropic expansion of steam from 2.8 MPa at 340°C to 0.76 MPa at 200°C.arrow_forwardSubstances with higher specific heats will increase in temperature faster than substances with lower specific heats, when exposed to the same amt of energy. True or Falsearrow_forward
- A manufacturer of loose-fill cellulose insulating material provides a table showing the relationship between the thickness of the material and its R-value. The manufacturer’s data is shown in the accompanying table. R -value (m2 ⋅K/W) Thickness (mm) R -40 275 R -32 225 R -24 162 R- 19 132 R -13 88 Calculate the thermal conductivity of the insulating material. Also, determine how thick the insulation should be to provide R-values of a. R-30 b. R-20 11.9arrow_forwardThe instruction booklet for your pressure cooker indicates that its highest setting is 11.3 psipsi . You know that standard atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psipsi, so the booklet must mean 11.3 psipsi above atmospheric pressure. At what temperature in degrees Celsius will your food cook in this pressure cooker set on "high"? use the Clausius-Clapeyron equationarrow_forwardA dormitory room measures 4m x 6m x 6m. A student turns on a 150 watts fan before leaving the room on a summer day, hoping that the room will be cooler when she returns in the evening. Assume that all doors and windows are tightly closed, and there is no heat transfer through the walls and windows. At the start of the day, the room temperature is 15°C, and the pressure is 100 kPa. What will be the temperature inside the room when the student returns 10 hours later, given the specific heat value of air at room temperature?arrow_forward
- A mass of 0.430 kilograms is suspended from a spring, and the spring stretches 12.1 centimeters. The mass is then removed, and 0.380 joules of work is used to pull the spring down. a. How far does the spring stretch? Include units in your answer b. What work must be done to stretch the spring twice as far as it is stretched in part a? Include units in your answer.arrow_forwardA liquid food is being pumped in a 1 cm thick steel pipe. The inside diameter of the pipe is 5 cm. The bulk temperature of liquid food is 90°C. The inside pipe surface temperature is 80°C. The surface heat-transfer coefficient inside the pipe is 15 W/(m2K). The pipe has a 2 cm thick insulation. The outside bulk air temperature is 20°C. The surface heat-transfer coefficient on the outside of insulation is 3 W/m2 Calculate the insulation surface temperature exposed to the outside. .If the pipe length is doubled, how would it influence the insulation surface temperature? Discuss. A thin-walled concentric tube counter-flow heat exchanger is used to cool engine oil from 160oC to 60oC, and water is available at 25oC, to be used as coolant. The oil and water flow rates are each 2 kg/s and the diameter of the inner tube is 0.5 m. The corresponding value of the overall heat transfer coefficient is 250 W/m2 How long must the heat exchanger be to accomplish the desired cooling? Assume specific…arrow_forwardDescribe what happens to the system inside of a refrigerator or freezer in terms of heat transfer, work, and conservation of energy. Confine yourself to time periods in which the door is closed.arrow_forward
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