Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781337106665
Author: Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.3IP
To determine
Post-investment hold-up.
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Probably the most important source of capital is human capital. For example, most medical doctors spend years learning to practice medicine. Doctors are willing to make large investments in their human capital because they expect to be compensated for doing so when they begin work. In Canada, the government nationalized the health-care system and reduced doctors’ compensation. Is this a form of post-investment hold-up?
When computing economic profit, we assume that capital gains a:
A. zero rate of return
B. average rate of return
C. Risk-free rate of return
D. Positive rate of return
E. None of the answers above are correct
As an example of a company that did not ignore its cost of capital, consider Coca-Cola in the 1980’s. It had very little debt because it preferred to raise equity capital from its stockholders. It also had a diversified product line, including products like aquaculture and wine. But none of these activities earned as much as its soft drink division. The opportunity cost of investing in these unrelated businesses was the forgone opportunity to expand the soft drink division, which at the time was earning a 16 percent return on capital. Although, these other businesses were earning a positive 10 percent rate of return on capital, the opportunity cost of that capital was 16 percent. CEO Robert Goizueta correctly decided to sell off these under-performing divisions and invest the capital in its soft drink division. By making decisions whose benefits were greater than their costs, the topic of this chapter, Coca-Cola increased its profitability.
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Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach
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- As an organizational asset, human capital is easier to measure than financial capital. True or falsearrow_forwardIn Chapter 5 of Managerial Economics, Froeb discusses post-investment holdup as a sunk cost problem associated with contract-specific fixed investments. The modern theory of contracts is sometimes called the theory of joining wills, which simply means when parties make an agreement they are joining together to complete an endeavor of mutual interest. The problem with all contracts that endure over time is that not all potential challenges can be anticipated. The idea of joining wills is that parties will attempt to seek accommodations to advance their mutual interest, so long as the return on the invested activity pays off. Froeb illustrates the idea by the example of marriage as a contract. Review the three scenarios below. Look for which, if any, of these scenarios presents an example of post-investment holdup. Your firm conducted a search for a new chief financial officer and hired a highly qualified candidate with a yearly salary of $250,000. After six months, the person left to…arrow_forwardMarshall assumed a non-corporate business form in his theory about the life cycle of the typical business enterprise. True Falsearrow_forward
- Discuss the nature of capital that will be required by farming enterprise.arrow_forwardQuestion: Consider a firm's capital demand problem. The production function is F(K, L) = K^1/3 L^2/3. Suppose L = 300, P = 3, R= 1.Find out optimal K:arrow_forwardExplain the following statement: “Profits that more than cover the cost of capital are known as economic rents.”arrow_forward
- What type of tax increases could increase the savings rate and therefore promote long-run growth? sales tax income tax capital gain tax excise taxarrow_forwardAmong the sources of increase of productivity are Group of answer choices All of the above advances in managerial knowledge. government regulations. taxations.arrow_forwardWhat is the principal goal of a firm like CorpCo? As a managerial economist how would you define an ‘optimal decision’ for a firm? The firm is considering investing $300,000 for a period of five years. Expected earnings are $50,000 in year 1, $60,000 in year 2, $75,000 in year 3 and $90,000 in years 4 and 5. Should the firm decide to invest, if the interest rate is 8%? The firm paid a dividend of $6 during the past year and it estimates dividends to grow at 7% annually in the future. Firm’s stockholders require a rate of return of 14%. What would be the expected value of each share today? Which are the two basic risks affecting returns when shareholders value any business? Briefly explain.arrow_forward
- What is meant by diminishing returns to capital? Use a hypothetical example to support your answer.arrow_forwardEconomists describe short-run decisions as "constrained" decisions, while long-run decisions are described as "planning" decisions. Referring to a firm's short-run average cost function and long-run average cost function, explain this distinction.arrow_forwardYou are attending the annual stockholders’ meeting of PIC Company. A fellow shareholder points out that the manager of PIC earned $100,000 last year, while the manager of a rival firm, CUP Enterprises, earned only $50,000. A motion is made to lower the salary of PIC’s manager. Given only this information, what should you do?arrow_forward
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