Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134711751
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5SQ
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The chemical basis for the name of hydrolase that is used in the
Introduction:
Digestion is breakdown of larger food particles into smaller food particles. The digestive system hydrolyzes macro molecules which can be carbohydrates, proteins and fats present in the food into their respective subunit and absorb these subunit molecules and eliminate the waste.
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Digestive Enzymes
Digestive enzymes are protein-based biological catalysts that have important roles in our lives. They
help remove stains from our clothing, turn milk into cheese, and are responsible for turning our dinner
into usable fuel for our bodies. Enzymes, however, do not work well universally. Some are meant to
work at high temperatures, others at low temperatures. They may work best in acidic conditions or
neutral conditions.
In this activity, the optimal conditions for two different digestive enzymes will be considered. Lipase
is made in the pancreas and breaks down lipids in the small intestine. Pepsin breaks down proteins in
the stomach.
triglycerides
polypeptides
Enzymes and Cellular Regulation
Rate of reaction
a. pepsin
b. lipase
lipase
pepsin
glycerol + fatty acids
PH
small peptides + amino acids
Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity
8
10
12
14
Pepsin (stomach)
-Lipase
1. In which body organ is pepsin active?
2. In which body organ is pancreatic lipase active?
3. For each…
create a flow chart or diagram to illustrate the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. The starting carbohydrate molecules are starch, sucrose, lactose, glycogen, and cellulose. What will happen to these carbohydrates once we ingest them?
Include the following from your flow chart or diagram:
1) the location or site where the digestion or absorption occurs
2) the enzymes
3) the products generated at each site or location
Enzyme 1 has peak activity at pH 2.4 and Enzyme 2 has a peak activity at pH 8.4.
Which of the following choices correctly identifies the two enzymes?
A) 1- pepsin; 2- lingual lipase
B) 1 - pepsin; 2 - carboxypeptidase
C) 1 - trypsin; 2 - aminopeptidase
D) 1- trypsin; 2 - amylase
E) 1- trypsin; 2- pepsin
Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1SQCh. 5 - ______ is the capacity to perform work, while...Ch. 5 - The label on a candy bar says that it contains 150...Ch. 5 - Why does removing a phosphate group from the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5SQCh. 5 - Explain how an inhibitor can disrupt an enzymes...Ch. 5 - If someone at the other end of a room smokes a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8SQCh. 5 - What is the primary difference between passive and...Ch. 5 - Which of these types of cellular transport...
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- Introduction to Experiment 2: Protein Digestion by Pepsin In this experiment, we will look at for evidence of protein digestion using albumin, a protein, and Biuret reagent. Biuret reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins, or more specifically, peptide bonds. When long polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn violet, and when shorter polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn a lighter pink color. What is/are the end product(s) of protein digestion? Amino acids What is the purpose of the enzyme pepsin? It helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking down the peptide bonds between amino acids into smaller peptides If protein digestion has occurred, will the solution be violet or pink (choose one)? Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): What color do you expect the solution to turn when the P tubes are mixed with Biuret solution and why? P1 P2 P3 P4 The least protein digestion (or none at all) will take place in tubes…arrow_forwardIntroduction to Experiment 2: Protein Digestion by Pepsin In this experiment, we will look at for evidence of protein digestion using albumin, a protein, and Biuret reagent. Biuret reagent is used to test for the presence of proteins, or more specifically, peptide bonds. When long polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn violet, and when shorter polypeptide chains are present the solution will turn a lighter pink color. What is/are the end product(s) of protein digestion? ____________________________________________________________ What is the purpose of the enzyme pepsin? _______________________________________________________________________ If protein digestion has occurred, will the solution be violet or pink (choose one)? _________________ Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): What color do you expect the solution to turn when the P tubes are mixed with Biuret solution and why? P1…arrow_forward9) The diagram below represents events involved as energy is ultimately released from food. Food molecule within digestive system xxx X-XX cool wat Food molecule outside of body x-xx XX-X A) 1 B) 2 The enzyme amylase will affect the breakdown of carbohydrates, but it will not affect the break- down of proteins. The ability of an enzyme molecule to interact with specific molecules is most directly determined by the (1) shapes of the molecules involved (2) number of molecules involved (3) sequence of bases present in ATP (4) amount of glucose present in the cell 6 A^XXXX X Which row in the table below best represents the chain of Xs and letters A and Bin the diagram? X-X-X-X-X-X-X A and B (1) nutrient antibodies (2) nutrient enzymes (3) hemoglobin wastes (4) hemoglobin hormones C) 3 In the human body, oxygen is absorbed by the lungs and nutrients are absorbed by the small intestine. In a single-celled organism, this absorption directly involves the (1) nucleus (2) chloroplasts Portion of…arrow_forward
- During digestion, the presence of proteases makes proteins be digested first. Given this occurrence, what is the catalytic rc of the proteases? (Reference: https://www.britannica.com/science/proteolytic-enzyme) It does not do anything directly to the digestion process of proteins It boosts the digestion process to match the digestion of all food matter It slows down the digestion process of other food matter It speeds up the digestion of proteins ingested by the organism 0000arrow_forwardThe fats metabolic pathway represented above corresponds to lipolysis (i.e., oxidation of fatty acids) and is a… Question 5 options: a) Catabolic pathway. b) Anabolic pathway. c) Both a catabolic and an anabolic pathway. d) Allosteric pathway. e) None of the above.arrow_forwardDigestion of proteins in the acidic environment of the stomach is carried out by the enzyme pepsin. A different enzyme, called trypsin, digests proteins in the neutral environment of our small intestine. The amount of each enzyme are the same and the amount of substrate is the same between the stomach and small intestine. Explain why our bodies use two different enzymes to digest proteins in the stomach and the small intestine.arrow_forward
- What is the function of an enzyme? Name three important enzymes that are used in the digestive process in human body and describe their functions.arrow_forwardA) what are the 6 types of enzymes B) provide real world examples of protein denaturation and explain what is happening during the process C) describe factors that can affect enzyme activityarrow_forwardList all enzymes in the digestive tract that catalyzes hydrolysis of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Where are they synthesized? What is the optimum pH of each? What triggers their synthesis and release? Tabulate your answer.arrow_forward
- Which types of macromolecules (protein, carbohydrate, fat, or nucleic acid?) can be enzymatically digested in the oral cavity, stomach small intestine (answer this specific question based on Fig 33.9)arrow_forward1. Pepsinogen (an inactive form of the enzyme) that forms in the main cells of the stomach has a molecular weight of 42,000 D. In the gastric juice, the pepsinogen turns into the active enzyme pepsin, while its molecular weight decreases to 35,000 D. Explain the mechanism of regulation of enzyme activity. To do this: a) draw a scheme for regulating the activation of pepsin; b) name the class of the enzyme that converts pepsinogen to pepsin; c) indicate which levels of protein structural organization change when pepsin is activated.arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between vitamin A and β carotene? (Hint: Look up the structures on the Web.)arrow_forward
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