EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220102955479
Author: Ross
Publisher: PEARSON
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Expert Solution & Answer
Chapter 5, Problem P15P
a)
Explanation of Solution
Path selected by “I”:
The “I” will be equal to “I1” because this interface leads the least cost path form the 1d towards the gateway router “1c”...
b)
Explanation of Solution
Usage of AS-PATH:
Routers utilize AS-PATH attribute to identify and inhibit looping advertisements. It has a list of AS which helps in selecting among multiple paths available to the same prefix. In order to generate the AS-PATH, a prefix is passed to an AS. After passing the prefix, the AS adds its ASN to the existing list in the AS-PATH.
Usage of NEXT-HOP:
The NEXT-HOP attribute specifies the IP address of the first router which includes the advertised path to a given prefix...
c)
Explanation of Solution
Path selected by “I”:
Let us consider that another “AS” named AS5 is attached in between the path “AS2” and “AS4”.
- The router “1d” can accessible “x” thro...
Expert Solution & Answer
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5.03-5. Dijkstra's Algorithm (3, part 5). Consider the network shown below, and Dijkstra's link-state
algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's algorithm has been run to compute the least cost paths from node
E to all other nodes. Now suppose that source node E has a packet to send to destination node A.
What is the first router to which E will forward this packet on its path to A?
OF
(A)
3
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B
8
D
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E
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22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router discarding a packet is p. Consider the case of a source host connected to the source router, which is connected to the destination router, and then to the destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out and tries again. If both host-router and router-router lines are counted as hops, what is the mean number of
a. (a) hops a packet makes per transmission?
b. (b) transmissions a packet makes?
(c) hops required per received packet?
1. Consider a path from host A to host B through a router X as follows:
A-
-X-B
The capacity of the link AX is denoted Ra, while the capacity of the link XB is denoted Rb
in units of [bits/s]. Assume that Ra Ri. Is it possible that the second packet queues at input queue of
the second link? Explain. Now suppose that host A sends the second packet T seconds
after sending the first packet. How large must T be to ensure no queueing before the
second link? Explain.
Chapter 5 Solutions
EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING
Ch. 5 - SECTION 5.1 R1. What is meant by a control plane...Ch. 5 - Prob. R2RQCh. 5 - Prob. R3RQCh. 5 - Prob. R4RQCh. 5 - Prob. R5RQCh. 5 - Prob. R6RQCh. 5 - Prob. R7RQCh. 5 - Prob. R8RQCh. 5 - Prob. R9RQCh. 5 - Prob. R10RQ
Ch. 5 - Prob. R11RQCh. 5 - Prob. R12RQCh. 5 - Prob. R13RQCh. 5 - Prob. R14RQCh. 5 - Prob. R15RQCh. 5 - Prob. R16RQCh. 5 - Prob. R17RQCh. 5 - Prob. R18RQCh. 5 - Prob. R19RQCh. 5 - Prob. R20RQCh. 5 - Prob. R21RQCh. 5 - Prob. R22RQCh. 5 - Prob. R23RQCh. 5 - Prob. P1PCh. 5 - Prob. P2PCh. 5 - Prob. P5PCh. 5 - Prob. P7PCh. 5 - Prob. P8PCh. 5 - Prob. P9PCh. 5 - Prob. P10PCh. 5 - Prob. P12PCh. 5 - Prob. P13PCh. 5 - Prob. P14PCh. 5 - Prob. P15PCh. 5 - Prob. P16PCh. 5 - Prob. P17PCh. 5 - Prob. P18PCh. 5 - Prob. P19PCh. 5 - Prob. P20PCh. 5 - Prob. P21PCh. 5 - Prob. P22P
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- 3. Consider the arrangement of learning bridges shown in the following figure: B1 C sends to A. C sends to D. A sends to D. B3 B2 B4 Assuming all are initially empty, give the forwarding tables for each of the bridges B1 to B4 after the following transmissions: Identify ports with the unique neighbor reached directly from that port; that is, the ports for B1 are to he labeled "A" and "B2"arrow_forward22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router discarding a packet is p. Consider the case of a source host connected to the source router, which is connected to the destination router, and then to the destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out and tries again. If both host-router and router-router lines are counted as hops, what is the mean number of a. (a) hops a packet makes per transmission? b. (b) transmissions a packet makes? c. (c) hops required per received packet?arrow_forwardBelow is a nested MPLS network by MTN. With the assumption that Customer 6 (C6) is connected to Router 6 (R6), execute a Dijkstra Algorithm on a Link State routing to determine the shortest path for Customer 6 to transmit packets to every other Customer/Destination connected to the rest of the Routers on the network. Tabulate the executed iteration for the Dijkstra Algorithm using the table below. Iteration Nodes R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R7 R8 R9 R10 0 [6] 1 [6,3] 2 [6,3,2] 3 [6,3,2,1] 4 [6,3,2,1,4] 5 [6,3,2,1,4,5] 6 [6,3,2,1,4,5,7]…arrow_forward
- Below is a nested MPLS network by MTN. With the assumption that Customer 6 (C6) is connected to Router 6 (R6), execute a Dijkstra Algorithm on a Link State routing to determine the shortest path for Customer 6 to transmit packets to every other Customer/Destination connected to the rest of the Routers on the network. Tabulate the executed iteration for the Dijkstra Algorithm using the table below. Iteration Nodes R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R7 R8 R9 R10 0 [6] 1 [6,3] 2 [6,3,2] 3 [6,3,2,1] 4 [6,3,2,1,4] 5 [6,3,2,1,4,5] 6 [6,3,2,1,4,5,7]…arrow_forwardQuestion 5: Suppose you attach a network monitor to observe the sequence of frames that travel over a link from sender A to receiver B. The problem is to deduce what protocols, if any, could have generated the observed sequence. The following diagrams depict a flow of frames, with their corresponding sequence numbers, from the sender (A). There may be traffic from B to A, which is not depicted in the diagram. A gap between adjacent frames implies passage of time with no transmission from the sender. Note that the x-axis is time, and not space. Justify your answer. A A A ● ● ● ● 1 5 ● 3 5 0 ● 0 0 1 1 1 ● Go-Back-N ● Selective Repeat 1 0 5 0 c) For Diagram 3, the protocol is not: Stop-and-Wait Time Diagram 1 2 Time a) For Diagram 1, the most likely protocol being used is: Stop-and-Wait ● Go-Back-N (if Go-Back-N, give the window size) Selective Repeat (if Selective Repeat, give the window size) Diagram 2 Time 3 Diagram 3 1 Time b) For Diagram 2, the most likely protocol being used is:…arrow_forwardConsider a router buffer preceding an outbound link. In this problem, you will use Little’s formula, a famous formula from queuing theory. Let N denote the average number of packets in the buffer plus the packet being transmitted. Let a denote the rate of packets arriving at the link. Let d denote the average total delay (i.e., the queuing delay plus the transmission delay) experienced by a packet. Little’s formula is N=a⋅d . Suppose that on average, the buffer contains 10 packets, and the average packet queuing delay is 10 msec. The link’s transmission rate is 100 packets/sec. Using Little’s formula, what is the average packet arrival rate, assuming there is no packet loss?arrow_forward
- In protocol 6, the code for frame arrival has a section used for NAKs. This section is invoked if the incoming frame is a NAK and another condition is met. Give a scenario where the presence of this other condition is essential.arrow_forwardWe have 5 routers labled A-E. Suppose we have the forwarding tables shown below after the routingalgorithm is stable. Let all links have cost 1. a. If a message is originated from A and a destination is E. Which path does it take?b. If a message is originated from C and a destination is D. Which path does it take?c. Give a diagram of a possible network consistent with these tables.arrow_forwardConsider the network shown below, and Dijkstra’s link-state algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's algorithm has been run to compute the least cost paths from node E to all other nodes. Now suppose that source node E has a packet to send to destination node A. What is the first router to which E will forward this packet on its path to A?arrow_forward
- A router has the following four active flows, and each flow has packets to transmit. Given FQ is being used on the router, what is the order that the packets will be transmitted?arrow_forward1. Below is a nested MPLS network by MTN. With the assumption that Customer 6 (C6) is connected to Router 6 (R6), execute a Dijkstra Algorithm on a Link State routing to determine the shortest path for Customer 6 to transmit packets to every other Customer/Destination connected to the rest of the Routers on the network. (a) i. Tabulate the executed iteration for the Dijkstra Algorithm using the table below. Iteration Nodes R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R7 R8 R9 R10 0 [6] 1 [6,3] 2 [6,3,2] 3 [6,3,2,1] 4 [6,3,2,1,4] 5 [6,3,2,1,4,5] 6 [6,3,2,1,4,5,7]…arrow_forward21. Consider the network below. a. Show the forwarding table in router A, such that all traffic destined to host H3 is forwarded through interface 3. b. Can you write down a forwarding table in router A, such that all traffic from H1 destined to host H3 is forwarded through interface 3, while all traffic from H2 destined to host H3 is forwarded through interface 4? H1 H2 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 H3arrow_forward
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