EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103935432
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 51.6, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The significance of the fact that sodium ion/potassium ion (Na+/K+) exchanger cause the secretion of two K+ ions for every three Na+ ions, it reabsorbs in the tubule cells.
Introduction:
Aldosterone is produced in response to the angiotensin and helps in maintaining blood pressure and reabsorbs sodium ions from the renal tubules. Aldosterone also have the roles in excreting potassium ions out of the cells.
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Drugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are often employed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) or other disease states. Three physiological categories of such drugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibit the action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in the collecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories would be expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow.
Which is TRUE of the RAAS pathway?
angiotensin Il directly leads to vasoconstriction and stimulates
aldosterone which promotes Na+ reabsorption at the cortical
collecting duct
ANP stimulates the RAAS pathway, while ADH/vasopressin inhibits
the RAAS pathway
increased plasma volume directly puts extra pressure on the afferent
arteriole and indirectly increases pressure in the distal tubule, both of
which lead to stimulation of renin release
angiotensin Il promotes activation of the parasympathetic system
which decreases GFR
low plasma Na+ is sensed by the proximal tubule and triggers release
of renin from JGA cells
Drugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are oftenemployed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure)or other disease states. Three physiological categories of suchdrugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibitthe action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in thecollecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories wouldbe expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow. (Hint:Rereading the section on hormones at the end of Chapter 28might prove helpful.)
Chapter 51 Solutions
EBK LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
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- During the maximal water diuresis, the ratio of the tubular fluid to plasma osmolarity is greater than 1.0 in which of the following? (A) The bend of the loop of Henle (B). Bowman Space (C) The collecting duct (D) The distal renal tubule (E) The proximal convoluted renal tubulearrow_forwardIs this following statement correct? In the kidney, vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole increases glomerular filtration rate, because hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries increases (much like putting your thumb over the end of a garden hose increases the pressure and causes the water to exit the hose with greater velocity and travel a greater distance).arrow_forwardThe process of hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via which of the following mechanisms? Choose from the following: (A) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule, through extracellular fluid and into the peritubular blood (B) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from peritubular capillary blood; undergoes a chemical reaction to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ion diffuses into the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (C) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the peritubular capillary blood, through extracellular fluid and into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (D) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from the glomerular filtrate; undergoes a chemical reacdtion to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ions diffuse into the peritubular bloodarrow_forward
- Diagram/flow chart the reactions and interactions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. What conditiion is the primary stimulus for its activation? What would hapen to renin secretion in a patient with chronic kidney failure?arrow_forwardWhy is this statement false? Without the renal medullar osmotic gradient, you would not be able to raise the concentration of urine above 1200 mOsmarrow_forwardExplain the concept of a countercurrent multiplier system and how it works in the kidneys. What is the importance of this system to the function of the kidneys?arrow_forward
- Acetazolamide is a diuretic that blocks the activity of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells. This blockage prevents theformation of carbonic acid from CO2 and water. Normally, carbonicacid dissociates to form H+ and HCO3−, and the H+ is exchanged forNa+ from the urine. Blocking the formation of H+ in the tubule cellsblocks Na+ reabsorption, thus inhibiting water reabsorption andproducing the diuretic effect. With this information in mind, what effectdoes acetazolamide have on blood pH, urine pH, and respiratory rate?arrow_forwardIf a patient’s urinary plasma flow is 600ml/min and hematocrit is 50%, what will be his urine blood flow ?arrow_forwardEven though mutations of aquaporin-3 and aquaporin-4 in the collecting duct have not been described in the literature, if mutationsoccurred that resulted in a reduced number of these aquaporins in thecells of the collecting ducts, how would urine volume and concentrationbe affected? Would ADH be an effective treatment?arrow_forward
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