Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Question
Chapter 6, Problem 14RA
Summary Introduction
To explain:
Membrane potential when gated ion channels of sodium and calcium ions open.
Introduction:
Membrane potential is due to the disparities in concentration and permeabilities of ions across the membrane. There is an unequal distribution of ions in the membrane which leads to the development of electrical charge inside the membrane.
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Suppose that gated ion channels for Na+or Ca2+ opened in the plasma membrane of a muscle cell.The membrane potential of that cell would a. move toward the equilibrium potential for that ion. b. become less negative than the resting membrane potential. c. move farther away from the potassium equilibrium potential. d. all of these.
Nerve membrane hyperpolarization after an action potential
a)Is the movement of membrane potential voltage below normal resting potential voltage. b) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of K+ channels. c)Makes it more difficult to evoke another action potential. d) This Is mostly due to the slow-closing of Na+ channels.
The resting membrane potential of a neuron or muscle cell is a. equal to the potassium equilibrium potential. b. equal to the sodium equilibrium potential. c. somewhat less negative than the potassium equilibrium potential. d. somewhat more positive than the sodium equilibrium potential. e. not changed by stimulation.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 6 - Describe the distribution of fluid in the body.Ch. 6 - Describe the composition of the extracellular...Ch. 6 - List the subcategories of passive transport and...Ch. 6 - Explain what is meant by simple diffusion and list...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4CPCh. 6 - Prob. 5CPCh. 6 - Explain how the body detects changes in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 6 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 6 - Prob. 7cCP
Ch. 6 - Prob. 8CPCh. 6 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 6 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 6 - Explain the relationship of the resting membrane...Ch. 6 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 6 - Prob. 11CPCh. 6 - Prob. 12CPCh. 6 - The movement of water across a plasma membrane...Ch. 6 - Which of these statements about the facilitated...Ch. 6 - Prob. 3RACh. 6 - Prob. 4RACh. 6 - Blood plasma has an osmolality of about 300 mOsm....Ch. 6 - Prob. 6RACh. 6 - The most important diffusible ion in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 8RACh. 6 - Prob. 9RACh. 6 - Prob. 10RACh. 6 - Prob. 11RACh. 6 - Prob. 12RACh. 6 - Prob. 13RACh. 6 - Prob. 14RACh. 6 - Which of the following questions regarding second...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16RACh. 6 - Prob. 17RACh. 6 - Compare the resting membrane potential of a neuron...Ch. 6 - Prob. 19RACh. 6 - Prob. 20RACh. 6 - Prob. 21RACh. 6 - Prob. 22RACh. 6 - Using the principles of osmosis, explain why...Ch. 6 - Prob. 24RACh. 6 - Prob. 25RACh. 6 - Prob. 26RACh. 6 - Prob. 27RACh. 6 - Prob. 28RACh. 6 - Prob. 29RACh. 6 - Prob. 30RACh. 6 - Using only the information in this chapter,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 32RACh. 6 - Prob. 33RACh. 6 - Suppose a semipermeable membrane separates two...Ch. 6 - Prob. 35RACh. 6 - Prob. 36RACh. 6 - Use the Nernst equation and the ion concentration...
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- Post synaptic neurons membrane potentials are less negative than resting membrane potentials when this occur A. Creates a new set point for the resting membrane potential B. Has a lower propensity to produce an action potential C. Reacts by generating action potential D. Higher chance of reaching the potential thresholdarrow_forwardIn the stretch reflex,a. Golgi tendon organs activate contraction in extrafusal muscle fibersconnected to that tendon.b. lengthening of muscle-spindle receptors in a muscle leads tocontraction in an antagonist muscle.c. action potentials from muscle-spindle receptors in a muscle formmonosynaptic excitatory synapses on motor neurons to extrafusal fiberswithin the same muscles.d. slackening of intrafusal fibers within a muscle activates gamma motorneurons that form excitatory synapses with extrafusal fibers within thatsame muscle.e. afferent neurons to the sensorimotor cortex stimulate the agonist muscle to contract and the antagonist muscle to be inhibitedarrow_forwardBinding of neurotransmitter to the motor end plate leads to depolarization because the neurotransmitter: a) opens ligand-gated sodium channels. b) opens voltage-gated sodium channels. c) opens ligand-gated potassium channels. d) opens voltage-gated potassium channels.arrow_forward
- Sensory receptor cells transduce physical or chemical stimuli: a) by limiting action potentials b) from chemical to electrical energy c) from an action potential into a synaptic potential d) by summing incoming action potentials e) into a change in the membrane potential of the sensory receptor cellsarrow_forwardA biologist finds that a post-neuron responds to a pre-neuron’s AP in a mammal through a cell membrane pathway involving INTRACELLUAR Ca2+ RELEASE. Define what type of synapse this is and the specific possible mechanism (details!) about how binding the neurotransmitter on the post membrane causes this type of calcium release.arrow_forwardThe acetylcholine receptor is a ligand-gated channel that produces Multiple Choice a) repolarization by activating second messenger systems within the muscle fiber. b) hyperpolarization by allowing Na+ ions to exit the muscle fiber. c) depolarization by allowing Cl- ions to enter the muscle fiber. d) depolarization by allowing K+ ions to leave the muscle fiber. e) depolarization by allowing Na+ ions to enter the muscle fiber.arrow_forward
- What is the role of calcium in muscle contractions? Multiple Choice a) To spread the action potential through the T-tubules b) To bind with troponin, changing its shape so that binding sites on the actin filament are exposed c) To transmit the action potential across the neuromuscular junction d) To re-establish the polarization of the plasma's membrane following an action potential e) To break the cross-bridges as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATParrow_forwarddraw a figure showing the differant between nictonic and muscarnic receptors in skeletal musclearrow_forwardA muscle cell contains acetylcholine receptors that act as ligand-gated cation channels,and it also contains voltage-gated Na+ channels of the type found in neurons. Intheory, could a muscle cell get away with having only acetylcholine-gated cationchannels, which would serve the dual purpose of receiving neurotransmitter signalsand propagating action potentials? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- The magnitude of receptor potential in the stretch receptor of a crayfish: a) depends on how much the muscle is stretched b) would decrease as the muscle is stretched c) depends on the amount of neurotransmitter released d) is the same for all types of stimuli e) depends on the strength of in incoming action potentialarrow_forwardThe extracellular sodium [Na+]0 is reduced in the saline bath. Following another current injection in a neuron, the membrane potential changes were recorded. a) Why has the membrane potential changed following the Na+ reduction? b) Why has the current injection produced no action potentials? c) How might you experimentally rescue action potential generation?arrow_forwardWhich role do gamma (γ) motor neurons play in the function of a muscle spindle? Select one: a. They improve the accuracy of the reported sensory information by innervating intrafusal fibers b. They enhance the force of muscle contraction by innervating intrafusal fibers c. They coordinate the contraction of extrafusal and intrafusal fibers d. They improve the accuracy of the reported sensory information by innervating extrafusal fibers e. They enhance the force of muscle contraction by innervating extrafusal fibersarrow_forward
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