Human Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781259864629
Author: Fox, Stuart Ira
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 6, Problem 10RA
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The characteristic features of
Introduction:
There are two types of pumps present: Symport pumps and antiport pumps. In an antiport pump, one substance is transported in one direction and the other is transported in the opposite direction. For example, the sodium-potassium pump is an example of antiport. In symport pumps the substance moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.
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Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?
A) Both sodium and potassium move down their concentration gradient across the membrane
B) 2 sodium ions are pumped out of the cell against their concentration gradient
C) The sodium-potassium pump is a type of cotransport.
D) ATP is used as an energy source
Which of these statements about ion movement through the plasmamembrane is true?a. Movement of Na+ out of the cell requires energy (ATP).b. When Ca2+binds to proteins in ion channels, the diffusion of Na+into the cell is inhibited.c. Specific ion channels regulate the diffusion of Na+ through theplasma membrane.d. All of these are true
Examine the graph below and answer the questions provided:
(a) At what point of this graph is permeability to K+ the greatest? (a, b, c, or d) _______ Explain how you know: ________________________________________ ________________________________________
(b) During which points of this graph (a, b, c, and/or, d) is the Na-K pump active? ________ and _______
(c) What is the voltage of “line O”? ___________
Chapter 6 Solutions
Human Physiology
Ch. 6 - Describe the distribution of fluid in the body.Ch. 6 - Describe the composition of the extracellular...Ch. 6 - List the subcategories of passive transport and...Ch. 6 - Explain what is meant by simple diffusion and list...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4CPCh. 6 - Prob. 5CPCh. 6 - Explain how the body detects changes in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 7aCPCh. 6 - Prob. 7bCPCh. 6 - Prob. 7cCP
Ch. 6 - Prob. 8CPCh. 6 - Prob. 9aCPCh. 6 - Prob. 9bCPCh. 6 - Explain the relationship of the resting membrane...Ch. 6 - Prob. 10bCPCh. 6 - Prob. 11CPCh. 6 - Prob. 12CPCh. 6 - The movement of water across a plasma membrane...Ch. 6 - Which of these statements about the facilitated...Ch. 6 - Prob. 3RACh. 6 - Prob. 4RACh. 6 - Blood plasma has an osmolality of about 300 mOsm....Ch. 6 - Prob. 6RACh. 6 - The most important diffusible ion in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 8RACh. 6 - Prob. 9RACh. 6 - Prob. 10RACh. 6 - Prob. 11RACh. 6 - Prob. 12RACh. 6 - Prob. 13RACh. 6 - Prob. 14RACh. 6 - Which of the following questions regarding second...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16RACh. 6 - Prob. 17RACh. 6 - Compare the resting membrane potential of a neuron...Ch. 6 - Prob. 19RACh. 6 - Prob. 20RACh. 6 - Prob. 21RACh. 6 - Prob. 22RACh. 6 - Using the principles of osmosis, explain why...Ch. 6 - Prob. 24RACh. 6 - Prob. 25RACh. 6 - Prob. 26RACh. 6 - Prob. 27RACh. 6 - Prob. 28RACh. 6 - Prob. 29RACh. 6 - Prob. 30RACh. 6 - Using only the information in this chapter,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 32RACh. 6 - Prob. 33RACh. 6 - Suppose a semipermeable membrane separates two...Ch. 6 - Prob. 35RACh. 6 - Prob. 36RACh. 6 - Use the Nernst equation and the ion concentration...
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- Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.arrow_forwardThe rate at which the Na+K+ pump operates is not constant but is controlled by a combined effect of changes in ICF Na+ concentration and ECF K+ concentration. Do you think the changes in both ICF Na+ and ECF K+ concentration following a series of action potentials in a neuron would accelerate, slow down, or have no effect on the Na+K+ pumps in this cell?arrow_forwardThe inside negative membrane potential is a force that helps support... a.) the movement of (neutral) nonelectrolytes into the cell b.) the movement of cations into the cell c.) the movement of (neutral) nonelectrolytes out of the cell d.) the movement of anions into the cellarrow_forward
- Compare channels and transporters. Channels are __________, and transporters are __________. Select one: a. slower, more selective b. Less selective, slower c. faster, less selective d. slower, less selective e. more selective, fasterarrow_forwardWhich of these statements about carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion is true? a. It uses cellular ATP. b. It is used for cellular uptake of blood glucose. c. It is a form of active transport. d. None of these are true.arrow_forwardExplain the mechanism of action of the Na+/K+ pump. If these pumps became non-functional due to a genetic mutation, what do you think would be the expected effect on the electrochemical membrane potential of the cell? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- Given two cells that are identical in all ways except that extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is grater for cell A differ from that that in cell B if stimuli of identical strength were applied to eacharrow_forwardIn the figure below are several panels that illustrate the relative concentration of a particular solute on either side of a cell's plasma membrane. The top panel represents the INITIAL (or starting) scenario, and the lower panels represent different possible outcomes after time has passed. QUESTION: Which of the panels below represents a situation in which the concentration gradient of this solute has been minimized (reduced)? A B C Darrow_forwardWhich of the following is ther eason why the potassium leaves the cell readily at the peak of the action potential?A) The sodium-potassium pumps work hard to return potassium to the extracellular fluid. B) Diffusion will continue to push potassium into the cell, but electrostatic pressure will move potassium out of the cell. C) Diffusion will push potassium out of the cell, but electrostatic pressure continues to attract potassium to the interior of the cell. D) Both diffusion and electrostatic pressure will cause potassium to exit the cell.arrow_forward
- a. The concentration of sodium ions is inside the cell . b. The concentration of potassium ions is inside the cell . c. The concentration of calcium ions is higher .arrow_forwardInhibition of the Na,K-ATPase might reasonably result in which of the following: a.) gradual cellular accumulation of K+ b.) gradual decrease in cytoplasmic Na+ c.) cell shrinkage d.) hyperpolarization of the membrane potential e.) reduced activity of many secondary active transportersarrow_forwardA rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration causes muscle cells to contract. in addition to an ATP- driven Ca2+ pump, muscle cells that contract quickly and regularly, such as those of the heart, have an additional type of Ca2+ pump—an antiport that exchanges Ca2+ for extracellular Na+ across the plasma membrane. The majority of the Ca2+ ions that have entered the cell during contraction are rapidly pumped back out of the cell by this antiport, thus allowing the cell to relax. ouabain and digitalis are used for treating patients with heart disease because they make heart muscle cells contract more strongly. both drugs function by partially inhibiting the Na+ pump in the plasma membrane of these cells. can you propose an explanation for the effects of the drugs in the patients? What will happen if too much of either drug is taken?arrow_forward
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