Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 17PDQ
In recombination studies of the rII locus in phage T4, what is the significance of the value determined by calculating phage growth in the K12 versus the B strains of E. coli following simultaneous infection in E. coli B? Which value is always greater?
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What is meant by the term site-specific recombination as used in identifying the processes that lead to the integration of temperate bacteriophages into host bacterial chromosomes during lysogeny or to the formation of specialized transducing phage?
Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation.
In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB‑312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB‑531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph.
On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is represented by the red triangle. The distances between genes are not…
Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in E. coli by using interrupted conjugation . In one experiment, they mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB-531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survivedand were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the accompanying graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and indicate the minimum distances between them.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 6 - When the interrupted mating technique was used...Ch. 6 - In a transformation experiment involving a...Ch. 6 - In complementation studies of the rII locus of...Ch. 6 - A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2CSCh. 6 - Prob. 3CSCh. 6 - Prob. 4CSCh. 6 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 6 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 123. Many...Ch. 6 - With respect to F+ and F bacterial matings, answer...
Ch. 6 - List all major differences between (a) the F+ F...Ch. 6 - Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the...Ch. 6 - In general, when recombination experiments are...Ch. 6 - Why are the recombinants produced from an Hfr F...Ch. 6 - Describe the origin of F bacteria and merozygotes.Ch. 6 - In a transformation experiment, donor DNA was...Ch. 6 - Describe the role of heteroduplex formation during...Ch. 6 - Explain the observations that led Zinder and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 6 - Two theoretical genetic strains of a virus (abc...Ch. 6 - The bacteriophage genome consists of many genes...Ch. 6 - If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell...Ch. 6 - A phage-infected bacterial culture was subjected...Ch. 6 - In recombination studies of the rII locus in phage...Ch. 6 - In an analysis of rII mutants, complementation...Ch. 6 - If further testing of the mutations in Problem 18...Ch. 6 - Using mutants 2 and 3 from Problem 19, following...Ch. 6 - During the analysis of seven rII mutations in...Ch. 6 - In studies of recombination between mutants 1 and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 23ESPCh. 6 - An Hfr strain is used to map three genes in an...Ch. 6 - A plaque assay is performed beginning with 1 mL of...Ch. 6 - In a cotransformation experiment, using various...Ch. 6 - For the experiment in Problem 26, another gene, g,...Ch. 6 - Bacterial conjugation, mediated mainly by...Ch. 6 - A study was conducted in an attempt to determine...
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- In a generalized-transduction experiment, phages arecollected from an E. coli donor strain of genotype cys+leu+ thr+ and used to transduce a recipient of genotypecys- leu- thr-. Initially, the treated recipient populationis plated on a minimal medium supplemented with leucine and threonine. Many colonies are obtained.a. What are the possible genotypes of these colonies?b. These colonies are then replica plated onto threedifferent media: (1) minimal plus threonine only, (2)minimal plus leucine only, and (3) minimal. Whatgenotypes could, in theory, grow on these three media?c. Of the original colonies, 56 percent are observed togrow on medium 1, 5 percent on medium 2, and nocolonies on medium 3. What are the actual genotypes ofthe colonies on media 1, 2, and 3?d. Draw a map showing the order of the three genes andwhich of the two outer genes is closer to the middle genearrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:What information do you know based on the question and your understanding of the topic?arrow_forwardIn 1965, Jon Beckwith and Ethan Signer devised a method of obtaining specialized transducing phages carrying the lac region. They knew that the integration site, designated att80, for the temperate phage φ80 (a relative of phage λ) was located near tonB, a gene that confers resistance to the virulent phage T1: tonB att80 They used an F ′ lac+ plasmid that could not replicate at high temperatures in a strain carrying a deletion of the lac genes. By forcing the cell to remain lac+ at high temperatures, the researchers could select strains in which the plasmid had integrated into the chromosome, thereby allowing the F ′ lac to be maintained at high temperatures. By combining this selection with a simultaneous selection for resistance to T1 phage infection, they found that the only survivors were cells in which the F ′ lac had integrated into the tonB locus, as shown here: tonB F lac att80 This result placed the lac region near the integration site for phage φ80. Describe the subsequent…arrow_forward
- F ′strains in E. coli are derived from Hfr strains. In some cases, these F ′strains show a high rate of integration back into the bacterial chromosome of a second strain. Furthermore, the site of integration is often the site occupied by the sex factor in the original Hfr strain (before production of the F ′strains). Explain these results.arrow_forwardT. Miyake and M. Demerec examined proline-requiring mutations in the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (). On the basis of complementation testing, they found four proline auxotrophs: proA, proB, proC, and proD. To determine whether proA, proB, proC, and proD loci were located close together on the bacterial chromosome, they conducted a transduction experiment. Bacterial strains that were proC+ and had mutations at proA, proB, or proD were used as donors. The donors were infected with bacteriophages, and progeny phages were allowed to infect recipient bacteria with genotype proC− proA+ proB+ proD+. The recipient bacteria werethen plated on a selective medium that allowed only proC+ bacteria to grow. After this, the proC+ transductants were plated on selective media to reveal their genotypes at the other three pro loci. The following results were obtained: Q.Which genotypes represent single transductants and which represent cotransductants?arrow_forwardT. Miyake and M. Demerec examined proline-requiring mutations in the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (). On the basis of complementation testing, they found four proline auxotrophs: proA, proB, proC, and proD. To determine whether proA, proB, proC, and proD loci were located close together on the bacterial chromosome, they conducted a transduction experiment. Bacterial strains that were proC+ and had mutations at proA, proB, or proD were used as donors. The donors were infected with bacteriophages, and progeny phages were allowed to infect recipient bacteria with genotype proC− proA+ proB+ proD+. The recipient bacteria werethen plated on a selective medium that allowed only proC+ bacteria to grow. After this, the proC+ transductants were plated on selective media to reveal their genotypes at the other three pro loci. The following results were obtained: Q.Is there evidence that proA, proB, and proD are located close to proC? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- T. Miyake and M. Demerec examined proline-requiring mutations in the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (). On the basis of complementation testing, they found four proline auxotrophs: proA, proB, proC, and proD. To determine whether proA, proB, proC, and proD loci were located close together on the bacterial chromosome, they conducted a transduction experiment. Bacterial strains that were proC+ and had mutations at proA, proB, or proD were used as donors. The donors were infected with bacteriophages, and progeny phages were allowed to infect recipient bacteria with genotype proC− proA+ proB+ proD+. The recipient bacteria werethen plated on a selective medium that allowed only proC+ bacteria to grow. After this, the proC+ transductants were plated on selective media to reveal their genotypes at the other three pro loci. The following results were obtained: Q.Why are there no proC− genotypes among the transductants?arrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:Explain how these results are consistent with the idea that thebacterial chromosome is circular?arrow_forwardIn E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What information do you know based onthe question and your understanding of the topic?arrow_forward
- In E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What topic in genetics does this question address?arrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the table:Draw a map that shows the order of genes and the locations ofthe origins of transfer among these different Hfr strains?arrow_forwardDescribe a series of experiments to SELECT and/or SCREEN for strains containing mutations that specifically disrupt the function of StyRS/StyAB and not StyC/StyD in Pseudomonas strain Y2 .arrow_forward
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