Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The reactivity toward
Concept introduction:
In
A chemical species that has the tendency to donate an electron pair to an electrophile in order to form a
Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron-rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.
The reactivity depends on the electronegative atoms and halogen atoms in
Strong electronegative atoms are considered strong nucleophiles, which make the favorable condition for
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Organic Chemistry
- 8.11 Free radical chlorination of propane using 1 mole of C,H, and 2 moles of chlorine gives a complex mixture of chlorintated products. Careful fractional distillation of the product mixture leads to the isolation of dichlorinated compounds A, B, C and D. Identify the structures using the 'H NMR spectra data below: A = triplet (1.2 ppm, 3H) quintet (1.9 ppm, 2H) triplet (5.8 ppm, 1н) B = doublet (1.4 ppm, 3H) doublet (3.8 ppm, 2H) sextet (4.3 ppm, 1H) C = singlet (2.4 ppm, 6H) D= quintet (2.2 ppm, 2H) triplet (3.7 ppm, 4H)arrow_forwardDraw the arrow-pushing mechanism of the following reactions on blank A4 printer papers, then scan it (or take photo) and submit to Canvas for extra credits. (1) + HC1 (2) H+ مه H₂O OH (3) Br CH3OH (4) (5) Br OH HO H₂O A H, H₂O A OCH 3arrow_forwardOrganic Chemistry 2 - 14.30arrow_forward
- I know bartleby policy but please answer all sub-parts. Thank you.arrow_forwardGive IUPAC names for the following compounds: b. c. e. f.arrow_forwardArrange the compounds below in order of increasing reactivity (least reactive = 1; %3D most reactive = 4) 'CI (A) (B) (C) (D) 1 (B) 2 (A) (C) 4 (D) > > > > ZIarrow_forward
- Can you help me answer 7.38arrow_forwardGive answer to all partsarrow_forwardFour isomers A-D with the formula C5H12O exhibit different reactivity patterns as indicated below. Isomer A reacts with PCC and CrO3 to provide identical products. Isomer B reacts with PCC and CrO3 to provide different products. Isomers C and D do not react with either PCC or CrO3. Isomers A, B, and C readily react with NaH but D does not show any reactivity with NaH. The 1H NMR splitting patterns for these isomers are as follows. Isomer A: δ 0.91 (d, 3H), 0.90 (d, 3H), 1.18 (d, 3H), 1.92 (dqq, 1H), 3.38 (dq, 1H), 3.58 (bs, 1H). Isomer B: δ 1.25 (s, 9H), 3.45 (s, 2H), 3.65 (bs, 1H). Isomer C: δ 0.90 (t, 3H), 1.44 (q, 2H), 1.24 (s, 6H), 3.65 (bs, 1H). Isomer D: δ 1.10 (t, 3H), 1.13 (d, 6H), 3.19 (septet, 1H), 3.50 (q, 2H). Based on all of this information, provide the structures of A-D. (Note: If there is a chiral center on any of these molecules, assume the stereochemistry as “R”. dqq=doublet of a quartet of a quartet, bs=broad singlet)arrow_forward
- 2A(1) Which of the following compounds (I-III) are aromatic, antiaromatic or neither from both. Please explain briefly in each case H H I H =arrow_forwardGive correct handwritten answer onlyarrow_forward2A(2) Which of the following compounds (IV-V) are aromatic, antiaromatic or neither from both. Please explain briefly in each case NO₂ N N IV -N H₂C Varrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning