Interpretation:
The products and the mechanism of formation of products by
Concept introduction:
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
E1 and E2 are the two types of elimination reaction.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any nucleophile is called nucleophilic substitution reaction.
A nucleophile is a molecule or atom with most negative charge.
There are two types of nucleophilic substitution reactions:
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Organic Chemistry
- A chemist needs an ether to use as a solvent for a reaction and wants to synthesize it in one step from two of the following available reagents: sodium ethoxide, bromomethane, potassium tert-butoxide, and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane. i) Which combination(s) will give a good yield of an ether? Illustrate, showing the mechanism of the reaction. ii) Illustrate with a mechanism the reaction of one of the combinations that will not yield an ether?arrow_forward2. The following reaction results in two possible carbocation rearrangement products, each of which can be characterized by a change in the ring size. Give structures for both products. There is no need to show the mechanism of the reaction. HCI (conc)arrow_forwardwould the H2SO4 reaction be E2?arrow_forward
- Give the structures of the free-radical intermediates in the peroxide-initiated reaction of HBr with the following alkene. Include all lone-pair electrons and unpaired electrons. Hint: the radicals do not coexist in the same mechanistic step. сCH2 Hint: One organic radical and one inorganic radical.arrow_forwardComplete the following reactions: indicate the mechanism (SN1 or SN2). If the reaction does not proceed, indicate so and the reason as to why it would not.arrow_forwardМЕСНANISMS 1,2-epoxy-1-methylcyclopentane undergoes both acid-catalyzed and base-catalyzed opening of the epoxide ring to form two different products. > Using ethanol as the solvent and an appropriate acid, show the steps in the acid catalyzed mechanism, writing structures for all products of the steps. Circle the major product(s). > Using ethanol as the solvent and an appropriate base, show the steps in the base- catalyzed mechanism, writing structures for all products of the steps. Circle the major product(s). 1,2-epoxy-1-methylcyclopentane CH3arrow_forward
- Can someone pleae help me with this question? The question is: Draw a reasonable mechanism for this reaction. All compounds involved in each stage of the mechanism must be enclosed in a box, and each box must be connected to the next one with a straight arrow. Use electron-flow arrows to show the movement of electrons in each step.arrow_forward(b) Consider the reaction of 1-bromobutane with a large excess of ammonia (NH3). Draw the reactants, the transition state, andthe products. Note that the initial product is the salt of an amine (RNH3+ Br - ), which is deprotonated by the excess ammonia to give the amine.arrow_forwardSuppose you are told that each reaction is a substitution reaction but are not told the mechanism. Describe how you could conclude from the structure of the haloalkane, the nucleophile, and the solvent that each reaction is an SN2 reaction.arrow_forward
- Consider the attached E2 reaction What happens to the reaction rate with each of the following changes?[1] The solvent is changed to DMF. [2] The concentration of −OC(CH3)3 is decreased. [3] The base is changed to −OH. [4] The halide is changed to CH3CH2CH2CH2CH(Br)CH3. [5] The leaving group is changed to I−.arrow_forwardConsider the attached SN2 reaction. Question: What happens to the reaction rate in each of the following instances? [1] The leaving group is changed from Br− to I−; [2] The solvent is changed from acetone to CH3CH2OH; [3] The alkyl halide is changed from CH3(CH2)4Br to CH3CH2CH2CH(Br)CH3; [4] The concentration of −CN is increased by a factor of five; and [5] The concentrations of both the alkyl halide and −CN are increased by a factor of fivearrow_forwardIn attempting to make 2-bromo-2-methyl-propane from 2-methyl-propene, as shown below, you used a dilute aqueous solution of hydrobromic acid. Upon analysis of the isolated product, you realize there is a major unwanted by-product. Br a) Based on the reaction conditions used, predict the major by-product and show a mechanism for its formation. b) What should be changed in the reaction conditions described in order to completely avoid the formation of the unwanted by-product?arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning