Chapter 6, Problem 41P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure for the products of each of the given reactions is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Reaction sequences involve conversion of one functional group to another, which may also require addition or loss of carbon from the reactant.

These sequences involve a number of steps carried out by different reagents. Sometimes different reagents give the same products.

An ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction is the nucleophilic substitution reaction in which two components are involved in the rate determining step. ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ reaction occurs in one step.

The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which only one component is involved in the rate determining step. ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction occurs in two step.

The nucleophilic substitutions in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving group are known as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reactions.

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reactions are unimolecular as the rate of reaction is dependent on the concentration of a single reactant.

The reaction of a compound with sodium iodide in the presence of acetone leads to substitution of iodine on the carbon atom.

The reaction of a compound with sodium amide, in the presence of liquid ammonia, leads to the abstraction of most acidic proton.