Chapter 6, Problem 31P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The factor due to which isobutyl bromide gives a greater yield of elimination products than substitution products is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon, or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called a substitution reaction. Substitution reactions the hybridization of the central atom remains same that is sp³.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called an elimination reaction. The hybridization of the atoms thus changes from sp³ to sp².

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which one nucleophile (weak nucleophile) is replaced by a strong nucleophile.

A nucleophile is a molecule or atom with the highest negative charge.

There are two types of nucleophilic substitution reactions: ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ is a unimolecular reaction and ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{2}$ is a bimolecular reaction.

Elimination gets more preferred than substitution for tertiary halides because the tertiary halides are very much sterically hindered environment and the back approach of the nucleophile is not feasible in them.