Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 2AQ
Describe how one might determine which proteins In Escherichia coli are repressed when a culture is shifted from a minimal medium (containing only a single carbon source) to a rich medium containing many amino acids, bases, and vitamins. How might one study which genes are expressed during each growth condition?
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Why don't E. coli cells with a faulty lacZ gene display galactoside permease activity when lactose is added in the absence of glucose?
Chapter 6 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.3 - What is the major problem in identifying genes...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.4 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.4 - Prob. 4MQCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.6 - Prob. 4MQCh. 6.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.8 - Why is the term proteome ambiguous, whereas the...Ch. 6.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.9 - What is a secondary metabolite?Ch. 6.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.10 - How is a metagenome analyzed?Ch. 6.10 - How do the human microbiome and mycobiome differ?
Ch. 6.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6.12 - Which class of genes is rarely transferred...Ch. 6.12 - List the major mechanisms by which horizontal gene...Ch. 6.12 - How might transposons be especially important in...Ch. 6.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 6.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 6.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 6 - Prob. 1RQCh. 6 - Prob. 2RQCh. 6 - Prob. 3RQCh. 6 - Prob. 4RQCh. 6 - As a proportion of the total genome, which class...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6RQCh. 6 - Prob. 7RQCh. 6 - Prob. 8RQCh. 6 - Prob. 9RQCh. 6 - Prob. 10RQCh. 6 - Prob. 11RQCh. 6 - Prob. 12RQCh. 6 - Prob. 13RQCh. 6 - What is the major difference in how duplications...Ch. 6 - Explain how horizontally transferred genes can be...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16RQCh. 6 - Explain how chromosomal islands might move between...Ch. 6 - Prob. 18RQCh. 6 - Apart from genome size, what factors make complete...Ch. 6 - Describe how one might determine which proteins In...Ch. 6 - The gene encoding the beta subunit of RNA...
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- If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?arrow_forwardWhy is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode for that lactose utilization proteins when lactose is not available or when glucose is present? Why is it adaptive for the structural genes for using lactose to be under the control of a single promoter, i.e., synthesize a polycistronic message rather than three monocistronic message?arrow_forwardYou have identified five genes in S. cerevisiae that are induced when the yeast are grown in a high-salt (NaCl) medium. To study the potential roles of these genes in acclimation to the growth in high-salt conditions, you wish to examine the phenotypes of loss- and gain-of-function alleles of each. How will you do this?arrow_forward
- You grow E. coli in defined media containing both glucose and lactose. Draw the trajectory of the growth curve and provide a molecular explanation. How does the trajectory change when lac is mutated? Provide a rationale.arrow_forwardThe map of the lac operon is shown below. Consider the following examples that include both haploids and partial diploids and explain in each scenario whether the repressor can bind and regulate expression and whether or not the lac operon is expressed. For partial diploids the plasmid is indicated by the F’. I+ O+ Z+ Y+ / F’ I+ O+ Z+ Y+ I- O+ Z+ Y+ / F’ I+ O+ Z+ Y+ I- O+ Z+ Y+ I+ Oc Z+ Y+arrow_forwardSuppose that E. coli sustains a mutation in its gene for the lac operon repressor such that the repressor is ineffective. What effect would this have on the bacterium’s ability to catabolize lactose? Would the mutant strain have an advantage over wild-type cells? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Why is it adaptive for a bacterium to not express the genes that encode that lactose utilization proteins when lactose is not available? a. Catabolism of lactose in protein transcription needs a lot of energy. b. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve enzymes. c. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve energy. d. The reason is conservation of energy for the enzyme. e. The bacterium opts not to express the genes that encode proteins responsible for breaking down lactose to conserve lactose.arrow_forwardWould increasing the concentration of salt prevent the mutant protein from aggregating?arrow_forwardDescribe the findings of ribosome profiling that would show the presence of a regulatory mechanism acting at the translational initiation level.arrow_forward
- I have this strain of e coli. Is P+ o+ Z+ Y+ / I- P+ oC Z- Y+ Will beta-galactosidase and permease be expressed? If they are will they be inducible or constitutive?arrow_forwardIf the lacZ protein breaks down lactose, is it worthwhile to make it when there is no lactose around? How does the bacteria use this system to efficiently control the production of the lacZ protein? Does the presence of lactose in the cell alter its ability to repress translation? To what does the lacI protein bind to? What effect does the lacI gene have on transcription of the lacZ and lacY genes?arrow_forwardThe cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sancta appears reddish-brown when grown under green light but alters its gene expression patterns and becomes blue-green when grown under red light. Explain this observation.arrow_forward
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