(a)
Interpretation:
An abbreviated ground state electronic configuration for Mg needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The simplest method for describing the arrangement of electrons in an atom is by writing its electronic configuration. Since the set of four quantum numbers is used to describe the atomic orbitals in an atom, therefore, by writing the electronic configuration one can get details of the number of electrons present in each sublevel.
Abbreviated electronic configuration of an atom refers to the electronic configuration which makes use of noble gas configuration, as they have fully filled electronic shells to describe the electronic structure of the given atom.
(b)
Interpretation:
An abbreviated ground state electronic configuration for Os needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The simplest method for describing the arrangement of electrons in an atom is by writing its electronic configuration. Since the set of four quantum numbers is used to describe the atomic orbitals in an atom, therefore, by writing the electronic configuration one can get details of the number of electrons present in each sublevel.
Abbreviated electronic configuration of an atom refers to the electronic configuration which makes use of noble gas configuration, as they have fully filled electronic shells to describe the electronic structure of the given atom.
(c)
Interpretation:
An abbreviated ground state electronic configuration for Ge needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The simplest method for describing the arrangement of electrons in an atom is by writing its electronic configuration. Since the set of four quantum numbers is used to describe the atomic orbitals in an atom, therefore, by writing the electronic configuration one can get details of the number of electrons present in each sublevel.
Abbreviated electronic configuration of an atom refers to the electronic configuration which makes use of noble gas configuration, as they have fully filled electronic shells to describe the electronic structure of the given atom.
(d)
Interpretation:
An abbreviated ground state electronic configuration for V needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The simplest method for describing the arrangement of electrons in an atom is by writing its electronic configuration. Since the set of four quantum numbers is used to describe the atomic orbitals in an atom, therefore, by writing the electronic configuration one can get details of the number of electrons present in each sublevel.
Abbreviated electronic configuration of an atom refers to the electronic configuration which makes use of noble gas configuration, as they have fully filled electronic shells to describe the electronic structure of the given atom.
(e)
Interpretation:
An abbreviated ground state electronic configuration for At needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The simplest method for describing the arrangement of electrons in an atom is by writing its electronic configuration. Since the set of four quantum numbers is used to describe the atomic orbitals in an atom, therefore, by writing the electronic configuration one can get details of the number of electrons present in each sublevel.
Abbreviated electronic configuration of an atom refers to the electronic configuration which makes use of noble gas configuration, as they have fully filled electronic shells to describe the electronic structure of the given atom.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
- For the Li atom, the energy difference between the ground state and the first excited state, in which the outermost electron is in a 2p orbital, is 2.961019J . In the Li2+ ion, the energy difference between the 2s and 2p levels is less than 0.00002 of this value. Explain this observation.arrow_forwardPhotoelectron spectroscopy studies have determined the orbital energies for fluorine atoms to be 1s689eV2s34eV2p12eV Estimate the value of Zeff for F in each of these orbitals.arrow_forwardIn the Brackett series, nlo=4. (a) Calculate the wavelength in nanometers of a transition from n=6 to n=4. (b) In what spectral region are these lines formed?arrow_forward
- The following is an energy-level diagram for electronic transitions in the Bohr hydrogen atom. a. Explain why the energy levels get closer together as they increase. Provide mathematical support for this. b. Verify that the colors given in the diagram are correct. Provide mathematical support.arrow_forwardSketch the major features (number of peaks and relative intensities for the peaks) of the expected photoelectron spectrum for atoms of nitrogen.arrow_forwardThe energy needed to ionize an atom of element X when it is in its most stable state is 500kJmol1 . However, if an atom of X is in its lowest excited state, only 120kJmol1 is needed to ionize it. What is the wavelength of the radiation emitted when an atom of X undergoes a transition from the lowest excited state to the ground state?arrow_forward
- Until recently, it was thought that Ca was unstable, and that the Ca atom therefore had a negative electron affinity. Some new experiments have now measured an electron affinity of +2.0kJmol1 for calcium. What is the longest wavelength of light that could remove an electron from Ca ? In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall?arrow_forwardWhen metallic sodium is dissolved in liquid sodium chloride, electrons are released into the liquid. These dissolved electrons absorb light with a wavelength near 800 nm. Suppose we treat the positive ions surrounding an electron crudely as defining a three-dimensional cubic box of edge L, and we assume that the absorbed light excites the electron from its ground state to the first excited state. Calculate the edge length L in this simple model.arrow_forwardSpectroscopic studies of Li also show that Zeff(2p)=1.02 . Estimate the energy of the 2p orbital of Li. Calculate the average distance of the electron from the nucleus in the 2p orbital of Li. Comparing your results with those in Problem 13 shows that the energy values differ by about 50%, whereas the average distances are nearly equal. Explain this observation.arrow_forward
- Spectroscopic studies show that Li can have electrons in its 1s, 2s, and 2p Hartree orbitals, and that Zeff(2s)=1.28 for the 1s22s1 configuration. Estimate the energy of the 2s orbital of Li. Calculate the average distance of the electron from the nucleus in the 2s orbital of Li.arrow_forwardWhat type of electron orbital (i.e., s, p, d, or f) is designated by (a) n=3,l=1,m l =1?(b) n=5,l=0,m l =0? (c) n=6,l=4,m l =4?arrow_forwardThe ground state electron configuration of As is?arrow_forward
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