Concept explainers
To determine:
The differences in the effect of the mutation produced in a gene’s promoter and protein-encoding region.
Introduction:
The mutation is a change in the sequence of the cell’s DNA, which results in the formation of an altered protein. The substances that cause mutation are collectively known as mutagens. The promoter of the gene is responsible for initiating the transcription of the gene. The protein coding region of the gene is the portion that codes for a protein.
To determine:
The difference in the effect of mutation produced in intron and exon.
Introduction:
The mRNA that is made after transcription consists of both introns and exons. The introns are the non-coding regions, which do not code any protein. Exons are the protein coding regions which codes for the protein. The introns are removed after processing, and then only coding mRNA proceeds for translation.
To determine:
Whether the type of mutation affects the answer given by an individual.
Introduction:
The mutation is an alteration in the sequence of the cell’s DNA, which results in the formation of an altered protein. The substances that are involved in causing mutation are collectively called mutagens.
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BIOLOGY:THE ESSENTIALS (LL) W/CONNECT
- Suppose you are studying two different mutations in a gene that codes for a protein. In the first, a nonsense mutation occurs near the beginning of the gene. In the second, a nonsense mutation occurs near the end of a gene. Which mutation is more likely to affect the proteins function? Why?arrow_forwardIf a DNA sequence (exons and introns) and the regions upstream/downstream are normal -- but no mRNA is produced -- what could cause the result?arrow_forwardHow would you make a copy of DNA from an mRNA transcript and what is this molecule called?arrow_forward
- What is the name of the enzyme is responsible for transcribing the DNA sequence into mRNA? In your own words, explain what this enzyme does.arrow_forwardWhat is a promoter? Group of answer choices A region on mRNA that will indicate the ending point for translation. A triplet base sequence on tRNA that is read during translation. A short sequence of a DNA upstream from a gene that determines the starting location for transcription. A triplet base sequence on mRNA that is read during translation. An enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA during transcription.arrow_forwardDo rRNA and tRNA complementary base pair during prokaryotic protein synthesis? What about mRNA with tRNA? DNA with mRNA?arrow_forward
- If the coding region of a gene (the exons) contains 2,100 base pairs of DNA, would a missense mutation causes a protein to be shorter, longer, or the same length as the normal 700 amino acid proteins? What would be the effect of a nonsense mutation? A sense mutation?arrow_forwardA codon that specifies the amino acid Gly undergoes a single-base substitution to become a nonsense mutation. In accord with the genetic code, is this mutation a transition or a transversion? At which position of the codon does the mutation occur?arrow_forwardFinally, imagine that a mutation occurred in the codon below and an A was inserted between the two Ts. How would this affect the mRNA and the amino acid for that codon? Old DNA codon Old RNA codon Old amino acid New DNA codon New mRNA codon New amino acid T T G T A T G This would be an example of which type of a mutation?__________________________arrow_forward
- How do nucleotides of mRNA chains encode information for the formation of the amino acids sequences of a protein?arrow_forwardAccording to the adaptor hypothesis, is each the following statementstrue or false?A. The sequence of an anticodon in a tRNA directly recognizes acodon sequence in mRNA, with some allowance for wobble.B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes acodon sequence in mRNA.C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of thetRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.arrow_forwardAccording to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of the following statements true or false? A. The sequence of anticodons in tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA, with some room for wobble. B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA. C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of the tRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning