Concept explainers
a.
To identify: The project NPV.
It refers to the value of an amount today after considering the
Capital Budgeting:
The decision-related to the investment for long run is called capital budgeting. Capital budgeting includes the investment in the heavy machinery and information technology.
The net present value is a differential amount of the net
b.
To identify: The NPV assuming abandonment after year one, two and three.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
UPENN: LOOSE LEAF CORP.FIN W/CONNECT
- Austins cell phone manufacturer wants to upgrade their product mix to encompass an exciting new feature on their cell phone. This would require a new high-tech machine. You are excited about his new project and are recommending the purchase to your board of directors. Here is the information you have compiled in order to complete this recommendation: According to the information, the project will last 10 years and require an initial investment of $800,000, depreciated with straight-line over the life of the project until the final value is zero. The firms tax rate is 30% and the required rate of return is 12%. You believe that the variable cost and sales volume may be as much as 10% higher or lower than the initial estimate. Your boss understands the risks but asks you to explain the alternatives in a brief memo to the board, Write a memo to the Board of Directors objectively weighing out the pros and cons of this project and make your recommendation(s).arrow_forwardDauten is offered a replacement machine which has a cost of 8,000, an estimated useful life of 6 years, and an estimated salvage value of 800. The replacement machine is eligible for 100% bonus depreciation at the time of purchase- The replacement machine would permit an output expansion, so sales would rise by 1,000 per year; even so, the new machines much greater efficiency would cause operating expenses to decline by 1,500 per year The new machine would require that inventories be increased by 2,000, but accounts payable would simultaneously increase by 500. Dautens marginal federal-plus-state tax rate is 25%, and its WACC is 11%. Should it replace the old machine?arrow_forwardThe Aubey Coffee Company is evaluating the within-plant distribution system for its new roasting, grinding, and packing plant. The two alternatives are (1) a conveyor system with a high initial cost but low annual operating costs and (2) several forklift trucks, which cost less but have considerably higher operating costs. The decision to construct the plant has already been made, and the choice here will have no effect on the overall revenues of the project. The cost of capital for the plant is 8%, and the projects’ expected net costs are listed in the following table: What is the IRR of each alternative? What is the present value of the costs of each alternative? Which method should be chosen?arrow_forward
- Gina Ripley, president of Dearing Company, is considering the purchase of a computer-aided manufacturing system. The annual net cash benefits and savings associated with the system are described as follows: The system will cost 9,000,000 and last 10 years. The companys cost of capital is 12 percent. Required: 1. Calculate the payback period for the system. Assume that the company has a policy of only accepting projects with a payback of five years or less. Would the system be acquired? 2. Calculate the NPV and IRR for the project. Should the system be purchasedeven if it does not meet the payback criterion? 3. The project manager reviewed the projected cash flows and pointed out that two items had been missed. First, the system would have a salvage value, net of any tax effects, of 1,000,000 at the end of 10 years. Second, the increased quality and delivery performance would allow the company to increase its market share by 20 percent. This would produce an additional annual net benefit of 300,000. Recalculate the payback period, NPV, and IRR given this new information. (For the IRR computation, initially ignore salvage value.) Does the decision change? Suppose that the salvage value is only half what is projected. Does this make a difference in the outcome? Does salvage value have any real bearing on the companys decision?arrow_forwardMallette Manufacturing, Inc., produces washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers. Because of increasing competition, Mallette is considering investing in an automated manufacturing system. Since competition is most keen for dishwashers, the production process for this line has been selected for initial evaluation. The automated system for the dishwasher line would replace an existing system (purchased one year ago for 6 million). Although the existing system will be fully depreciated in nine years, it is expected to last another 10 years. The automated system would also have a useful life of 10 years. The existing system is capable of producing 100,000 dishwashers per year. Sales and production data using the existing system are provided by the Accounting Department: All cash expenses with the exception of depreciation, which is 6 per unit. The existing equipment is being depreciated using straight-line with no salvage value considered. The automated system will cost 34 million to purchase, plus an estimated 20 million in software and implementation. (Assume that all investment outlays occur at the beginning of the first year.) If the automated equipment is purchased, the old equipment can be sold for 3 million. The automated system will require fewer parts for production and will produce with less waste. Because of this, the direct material cost per unit will be reduced by 25 percent. Automation will also require fewer support activities, and as a consequence, volume-related overhead will be reduced by 4 per unit and direct fixed overhead (other than depreciation) by 17 per unit. Direct labor is reduced by 60 percent. Assume, for simplicity, that the new investment will be depreciated on a pure straight-line basis for tax purposes with no salvage value. Ignore the half-life convention. The firms cost of capital is 12 percent, but management chooses to use 20 percent as the required rate of return for evaluation of investments. The combined federal and state tax rate is 40 percent. Required: 1. Compute the net present value for the old system and the automated system. Which system would the company choose? 2. Repeat the net present value analysis of Requirement 1, using 12 percent as the discount rate. 3. Upon seeing the projected sales for the old system, the marketing manager commented: Sales of 100,000 units per year cannot be maintained in the current competitive environment for more than one year unless we buy the automated system. The automated system will allow us to compete on the basis of quality and lead time. If we keep the old system, our sales will drop by 10,000 units per year. Repeat the net present value analysis, using this new information and a 12 percent discount rate. 4. An industrial engineer for Mallette noticed that salvage value for the automated equipment had not been included in the analysis. He estimated that the equipment could be sold for 4 million at the end of 10 years. He also estimated that the equipment of the old system would have no salvage value at the end of 10 years. Repeat the net present value analysis using this information, the information in Requirement 3, and a 12 percent discount rate. 5. Given the outcomes of the previous four requirements, comment on the importance of providing accurate inputs for assessing investments in automated manufacturing systems.arrow_forwardNewmarge Products Inc. is evaluating a new design for one of its manufacturing processes. The new design will eliminate the production of a toxic solid residue. The initial cost of the system is estimated at 860,000 and includes computerized equipment, software, and installation. There is no expected salvage value. The new system has a useful life of 8 years and is projected to produce cash operating savings of 225,000 per year over the old system (reducing labor costs and costs of processing and disposing of toxic waste). The cost of capital is 16%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV of the new system. 2. One year after implementation, the internal audit staff noted the following about the new system: (1) the cost of acquiring the system was 60,000 more than expected due to higher installation costs, and (2) the annual cost savings were 20,000 less than expected because more labor cost was needed than anticipated. Using the changes in expected costs and benefits, compute the NPV as if this information had been available one year ago. Did the company make the right decision? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Upon reporting the results mentioned in the postaudit, the marketing manager responded in a memo to the internal audit department indicating that cash inflows also had increased by a net of 60,000 per year because of increased purchases by environmentally sensitive customers. Describe the effect that this has on the analysis in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why is a postaudit beneficial to a firm?arrow_forward
- Consider the following project of Hand Clapper, Incorporated. The company is considering a four-year project to manufacture clap-command garage door openers. This project requires an initial investment of $13.8 million that will be depreciated straight-line to zero over the project's life. An initial investment in net working capital of $585,000 is required to support spare parts inventory; this cost is fully recoverable whenever the project ends. The company believes it can generate $11.4 million in pretax revenues with $4.3 million in total pretax operating costs. The tax rate is 25 percent and the discount rate is 10 percent. The market value of the equipment over the life of the project is as follows: Market Value (millions) a. Year 1 $ 11.0 234 9.0 4.8 1.2 Assuming the company operates this project for four years, what is the NPV? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions, rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 1,234,567.89.) b-1. Compute…arrow_forwardConsider the following project of Hand Clapper, Incorporated. The company is considering a four-year project to manufacture clap-command garage door openers. This project requires an initial investment of $13.8 million that will be depreciated straight-line to zero over the project's life. An initial investment in net working capital of $585,000 is required to support spare parts inventory; this cost is fully recoverable whenever the project ends. The company believes it can generate $11.4 million in pretax revenues with $4.3 million in total pretax operating costs. The tax rate is 25 percent and the discount rate is 10 percent. The market value of the equipment over the life of the project is as follows: Year Market Value (millions) $ 11.0 a. 1234 9.0 4.8 1.2 Assuming the company operates this project for four years, what is the NPV? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions, rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 1,234,567.89.) b-1. Compute…arrow_forwardConsider the following project for Hand Clapper, Incorporated. The company is considering a 4-year project to manufacture clap-command garage door openers. This project requires an initial investment of $16 million that will be depreciated straight-line to zero over the project's life. An initial investment in net working capital of $1,000,000 is required to support spare parts inventory; this cost is fully recoverable whenever the project ends. The company believes it can generate $12.9 million in preţax revenues with $5.1 million in pretax operating costs. The tax rate is 25 percent and the discount rate is 13 percent. The market value of the equipment over the life of the project is as follows: Year 1 a. 234 2 Market Value (in millions) $14.00 11.00 8.50 1.85 Assuming Hand Clapper operates this project for four years, what is the NPV? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 1,234,567.89.)…arrow_forward
- E. Abandonment Decisions Consider the following project for Hand Clapper, Inc. The company is considering a 4-year project Page 231 to manufacture clap-command garage door openers. This project requires an initial investment of $18 million that will be depreciated straight-line to zero over the project's life. An initial investment in net working capital of $950,000 is required to support spare parts inventory; this cost is fully recoverable whenever the project ends. The company believes it can generate $12.4 million in revenue with $4.5 million in operating costs. The tax rate is 21 percent and the discount rate is 13 percent. The market value of the equipment over the life of the project is as follows: Year Market Value (in $ millions) 1 $15.0 2 11.0 3 8.5 4 0.0 a. Assuming Hand Clapper operates this project for four years, what is the NPV? b. Now compute the project NPVS assuming the project is abandoned after only one year, after two years, and after three years. What economic…arrow_forwardConsider the following project of Hand Clapper, Incorporated. The company is considering a four-year project to manufacture clap-command garage door openers. This project requires an initial investment of $14 million that will be depreciated straight- line to zero over the project's life. An initial investment in net working capital of $590,000 is required to support spare parts inventory; this cost is fully recoverable whenever the project ends. The company believes it can generate $11.6 million in pretax revenues with $4.4 million in total pretax operating costs. The tax rate is 21 percent and the discount rate is 11 percent. The market value of the equipment over the life of the project is as follows: Year Market Value (millions) a. 1 $ 11.2 9.1 234 4.9 1.3 Assuming the company operates this project for four years, what is the NPV? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer in dollars, not millions, rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 1,234,567.89.) b-1. Compute…arrow_forwardRework the below problem using the opportunity-cost approach. Adams Corporation is considering the purchase of equipment employing advanced technology to lower production costs in a product line. At the end of the third year, management will close down the line and liquidate the remaining assets. The project will require an investment of $500,000 in plant upgrade and equipment and an additional $30,000 in working capital, which will be recovered in full at the end of year 3.Over its three-year useful life, the new equipment will reduce labor and rawmaterials usage sufficiently to cut operating costs from $9,000,000 to $8,850,000. It is estimated that the new equipment can be sold for $150,000 at the end of year 3. If the new equipment were purchased, the old machine would be sold to another company for $170,000 rather than be traded in for the new equipment. If the old equipment is kept for three more years, the salvage value would be reduced to $70,000.Adams management uses 10% to…arrow_forward
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