Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The term glycolysis consists of two words (glycos + lysis), glycos refers to glucose and lysis refers to breakdown. Glycolysis is a pathway in which 6-carbon glucose molecules break down into 3-carbon molecules and free energy is released. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This is a
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a) What is the process by which cells generate ATP through a series of redox (chemical) reactions called? How many ATPs generated through this process from one Glucose molecule? b) What does cellular respiration accomplish for the cell? c) What happens to the NADH produced in glycolysis? Why does it need to get into the mitochondria? d) Write the role of O2 in cellular respiration. e) What happens to our body’s enzyme activity during fever? f) What is the difference between apo-enzyme and holo-enzyme? g) What is meant by the term specificity in relation to enzyme activity? h) If humans evolved from apes, why are there still apes? i) What are the risk factors of type 2 diabetes? j) Why was Lamarck wrong about giraffes?
Indicate at what step in the glycolysis pathway each of the following events occur:
a. Second formation of ATP occurs
b. Second “energy-rich” compound is produced
c. Second time ATP is converted to ADP
d. A hydration reaction occurs
During cellular respiration, 60 molecules of CO2 were given off as waste.
a. How many pyruvate molecules were produced in glycolysis?
b. The total amount of ATP produced by complete cellular respiration would be?
c. The amount of energy available (Net ATP) to cell as ATP would be?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.1 - Distinguish between cellular respiration and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.2 - What is the redox reaction in glycolysis?Ch. 7.2 - How is ATP synthesized in glycolysis?Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the fate of pyruvate molecules produced...Ch. 7.4 - What distinguishes the four complexes of the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.6 - What are the types of molecules that are the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 7 - What is the final acceptor for electrons in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 7 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 7 - In the 1950s, a diet pill that had the effect of...Ch. 7 - Discuss Concepts Why do you think nucleic acids...Ch. 7 - A hospital patient was regularly found to be...Ch. 7 - 13. There are several ways to measure...Ch. 7 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Which of the two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 7 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 7 - As CO2 concentrations increase in the atmosphere,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Which of the following steps occurs during the payoff phase of glycolysis? A. the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate B. the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-biphosphate C. the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate D. the conversion of glucose to glucose 6-phosphatearrow_forwardWhich of the following is FALSE about glycolysis? a. The pathway axidizes two moles of NADH to NAD* for each mole of glucose. b. The pathway requires two moles of ATP to get started catabolizing each mole of glucose. c. ADP is phosphorylated to ATP via substrate -level phosphorylation. d. The pattivay produces pyruvate as one of its products.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning the location of the metabolic pathways is correct? a. All reactions of the glycolysis take place in the mitochondria. b. All reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the mitochondria. c. Some reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the cytosol, and some in mitochondria. d. Some reactions of the glycolysis take place in the cytosol, and some in mitochondria.arrow_forward
- Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which the free energy obtained from the oxidation of metabolic fuels is used to generate ATP. (a).Which enzyme reaction controls oxidative phosphorylation? (b).Describe the way this enzyme controls oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forward1.3. Aerobic Cellular Respiration: a.Write the chemical formula for the aerobic cellular respiration of glucose. b. List the major steps of aerobic cellular respiration and describe the major events of each step.c. Explain the role of an electron carrier in cellular respiration.d. Predict what would happen to the process of cellular respiration if oxygen was not present. In your answer, specifically state the role that oxygen plays in cellular respiration.arrow_forwardThe enzyme Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a key regulator of glycolysis. A) Does ATP bind the PFK allosteric siteor the active site? B) Does high amount of ATP in the cell activate or inhibit PFK? Why? C)What do you suppose happens to glucose if glycolysis is inhibited in the cell?arrow_forward
- Which of these statements about ATP is true?a.The bond joining ADP and the third phosphate is a high-energy bond.b.The formation of ATP is coupled to energy-liberating reactions.c.The conversion of ATP to ADP and Pi provides energy for biosynthesis, cell movement, and other cellular processes that require energy.d.ATP is the “universal energy carrier” of cells.e. .All of these are true.arrow_forwardIn the Alanine Cycle, different organs work together to produce glucose from protein. Which statement below best describes what happens in which organ? a)In liver, pyruvate is transaminated to alanine; in the muscle, alanine is deaminated and pyruvate is used for ATP synthesis. b)In muscle, pyruvate is transaminated to alanine; in the liver, alanine is deaminated and pyruvate is used for gluconeogenesis. c)The liver exports glucose for use by the brain; in the muscle, alanine is deaminated by the urea cycle for use in ATP generation. d)In muscle, pyruvate is transaminated to alanine; in the liver, alanine enters the urea cycle for excretion.arrow_forwardGlycolysis "uses" ATP by: A. substrate-level phosphorylation B. oxidative phosphorylation C. reducing CO2 D. anabolismarrow_forward
- The oxygen (O2) consumed during aerobic cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? A) the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP B)accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain C)glycolysis D)the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA E)the citric acid cycle 12.arrow_forwardThe cholesterol synthesized by cells uses which component of the glycolytic pathway as a starting point? a. glucose b. acetyl CoA c. pyruvate d. carbon dioxidearrow_forwardWhich statement about the ATP synthase is false? a. It is a rotary machine b. It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane c. It can make ATP, or it can break ATP down d. It only contains membrane-embedded regionsarrow_forward
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